Term
| Give a definition of evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A well supported hypothesis. |
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Term
| What did people before the 1800s believe about the Earth? |
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Definition
| Earth was less than 100,000 years old and organisms did not evolve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Traits that an organism inherits that improve its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| scientist famous for his studies/theories about evolution |
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Term
| What were Darwin's 2 main ideas? |
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Definition
| Descent with modification and natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
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Term
| Explain descent with modification. |
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Definition
| All current species came from existing species. Organisms spread out over time and must adapt to their surroundings. This creates new species. |
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Term
| Explain natural selection. |
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Definition
| There is always variation amoung a population. Some traits are better suited for the environment. Those with the best traits will survive and reproduce, passing their genes on to the next generation. This causes a species to change over time. |
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Term
| What are some sources of genetic variation? |
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Definition
mutations, crossing over, sexual reproduction
(be able to describe each of these) |
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Term
| Be able to give examples of natural selection and explain them. |
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Definition
| peppered moths, pesticide resistant insects, Darwin's finches, etc. |
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Term
| Why were the Galapagos Islands so important to natural selection/evolution? |
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Definition
| Darwin did many studies there (finches, tortoises) |
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Term
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Definition
| when a new species is created |
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Term
| Define geographic isolation. |
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Definition
| when members of the same species can't breed with eachother because of a geographic barrier such as water, mountains, canyons, etc. |
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Term
| Explain how geographic isoloation can lead to speciation. |
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Definition
| If members of the same species are separated and incounter different environments, they may adapt. If they become too different, they may be considered a different species. |
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Term
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Definition
| the preserved remains or markings left by organisms that lived in the past |
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Definition
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Term
| How old are the oldest recorded fossils? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| no longer existing as a living species of Earth |
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Definition
| fossil of an organism that only lived during a certain time period |
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Term
| How are index fossils helpful to scientists? |
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Definition
| They help scientist give a relative date to rock strata. |
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Term
| Define radiometric dating. |
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Definition
| using the half life of elements to determine the age of something |
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Term
| Compare relative age vs absolute age. |
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Definition
relative age is an estimate
absolute age is more exact |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes for half of a sample to decay |
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Term
| Define homologous structures and give an example. |
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Definition
Similar structures that are found in species who share a recent common ancestor.
ex: human arm bones and cat limb bones |
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Term
| Define analogous structures and give an example. |
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Definition
similar structures found in species who do not share a recent common ancestor.
ex: insect wing and bat wing |
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Term
| Define vestigial structure and give an example. |
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Definition
A structure that is found in a living organism, that the organism has no use for. The structure may have had a use in the ancestor.
ex: appendix, wisdom teeth, whale hip bone |
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Term
| How could embryology be used to prove the theory of evolution? |
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Definition
| most organisms starts off looking very similar as embryos. |
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Term
| How is molecular biology used in the study of evolution? |
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Definition
| DNA can be compared to see how closely related different species are to each other. |
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Term
| How old is Earth theorized to be? |
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Definition
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