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| the science of identifying and classifying organisms |
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| front legs of mammals show the same pattern of bone structure |
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| evolution that deals with history |
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| combination of taxonomy and phylogeny |
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| system of naming organisms |
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| function of structures is the same but the organisms do not have a close common ancestor |
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| immediate common ancestor |
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| being conservative, careful, slow (we select the phylogenetic tree most conservative) |
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| periodically, series of changes occur at a certain rate over millions of years |
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| taxon several ancestral populations (ex-gymnosperms reached seed production independently of each other) |
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| single common ancestor (ex-wolves and dogs) |
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| taxon does not include all members |
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| recent characters to separate groups |
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| period of time with no change |
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| convergence and parallelism |
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| dolphins and whales were terrestrial, went back to living in water |
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| non poisonous snake looks like poisonous snake |
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| poisonous animals looking similar (ex-wasps, bees, hornets) |
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| theory that evolution takes place in small changes over time |
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| theory that evolution takes place in large leaps |
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Definition
early development features found in wide range of species.
late development features are more specialized and come later |
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Definition
| reduction in growth rate; no extension of growth time |
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| stop growth before adult size |
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| delayed maturity; growth time extended |
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| change in position (ex cactus leaves reduced to spines so photosynthesis moved from leaves to stems) |
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| darwin's finches. different type on each island particular to the finches' dietary needs |
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| from common ancestral gene |
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| duplication; gene families (ex- HOX genes; hemoglobin) |
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| more developed, newer, derived characters (ex-bipedalism) |
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| unique character to a particular group of organisms |
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