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Definition
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Term
| Fossilization is ____ so the ____ _____ is incomplete |
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Definition
| Fossilization is rare, so the “fossil record” is incomplete. It does not give a fair account of what lived in the past, |
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Term
Comparitive Anatomy is in
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Definition
| Homology and Analogy and Vestigial Structures |
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Definition
| Anatomically similar structures in unrelated species that look similar because perform same structure |
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Definition
| Structures that over time become so small that they serve little purpose |
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Term
Lamarck believed in
Explain |
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Definition
Acquired Traits
“if an organism had a need for a variation, (for example, because it needed to change its feeding habits), then the variation would come about and the organism would develop new structures DURING ITS LIFETIME. The organism could then pass these acquired characteristics onto its offspring. |
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Term
Darwin believed in
Explain |
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Definition
Natural Selection
‘Those individuals with the variations for traits adaptive for their environment have a better chance of surviving and, thus, leave more offspring. Because variations can be inherited, many offspring will have those same traits. Organisms lacking those variations are less likely to survive and tend to leave fewer offspring. Over time, the population consists only of adapted organisms.’ |
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Term
Gradualism
or
Gradualism Equilibrium |
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Definition
Selection and variation that happens more gradually
Change is slow, constant, and consistent
Occurs over a long time |
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Definition
Change comes in spurts
Period of very little change
Any sudden change in a species and can also be the result of changes in the environment |
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Definition
| The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population |
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Definition
| In each generation, some individuals may, just by chance, leave behind a few more descendents (and genes, of course!) than other individuals. The genes of the next generation will be the genes of the “lucky” individuals, not necessarily the healthier or “better” individuals. That, in a nutshell, is genetic drift. It happens to ALL populations—there’s no avoiding the vagaries of chance. |
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Term
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Definition
Products of evolution by natural selection.
Variations which have been favorable and passed on |
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Term
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Definition
| -physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear. |
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Term
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Definition
Things organisms do to survive
Bird migration
Marking territory
Mating dances |
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Term
| Physiological or chemical Afdaptations |
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Definition
a bodily or cellular process, like the production of a protein or chemical that aides the organism somehow.
Enzymes needed for digestion,
Blood clotting factors
Ink of an Octopus
Venom of a snake |
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Term
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Definition
Example
One butterfly which tastes delicious changes itself to look like the butterfly that tastes bad |
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Definition
The development of a new species
Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature |
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Term
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Definition
1. Geographic Isolation of a small population from parent species
mountains, rivers, changing landscape (Glacier)
2. Reproductive Barriers
- timing (breeding seasons), behaviors, developmental issues |
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Term
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Definition
Adaptive Radiation: divergent evolution and adaptation of a species over time in response to new environment
This is what happened with finches |
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Term
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Definition
Species that are not closely related evolve similar traits and share a similar environment
Ex. The shark is a fish
The Dolphin is a mammal |
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Term
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Definition
The first taxonomist
Divided organisms into plants & animals
Subdivided them by where they live |
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Term
| Linnaeus was called "Father of Taxonomy" but what did he invent |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. ______ is used for plants. |
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Definition
| Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. |
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Term
Classification categories
1.
2.
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4.
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6.
7.
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Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dear King Phil, cool observant females = good sex |
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Term
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Definition
| are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia |
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Term
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Definition
| are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) |
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Term
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Definition
| Live in harsh environments, 1st cells to survive |
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Term
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Definition
May cause disease
Found in all environments besides harsh ones
Commercially important in making yogurt
Decomposers |
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Definition
| Evolution: all of the changes that have transformed life over an immense time |
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Term
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Definition
A change in the “gene pool” of a population of organisms
A change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population of organisms
Evolution on a “small” scale |
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Term
| Smallest group evolution can occur in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Gene pool: the sum of all the individual genes in a given population of organisms
Where all of the variation is “stored”! |
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Term
| What can cause the gene pool to change? |
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Definition
What can cause the gene pool to change?
Sexual recombination
Through a whole bunch of methods…
Mutations |
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Term
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Definition
p + q =1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 |
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Term
| Evidence for Evolution; Fossil Record |
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Definition
Evidence based on fossils found
Based on time they lived and bones |
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Term
| Evidence for Evolution; Geographic Distribution |
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Definition
| Basically survival of the fittest ish |
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Term
Evidence for Evolution; Similarities in Structure
1.
2. |
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Definition
Homologous Structures -Similar bones in all the same pattern and arrangement, different functions
Vestigial Structure |
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| Evidence for Evolution; Similarities in Development |
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Definition
| Similarities in the Embryos of things developing |
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Term
| Evidence for Evolution; Molecular Biology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Symmetry with spokes coming out of the middle like a big wheel or starfish |
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Term
| When writing binomial nomenclature you: |
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Definition
Italics
First uppercase
Second lowercase |
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