Term
| How did James Hutton influence Darwin? |
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Definition
| He stated that the Earth is millions of years old. Darwin believed that life could only change if the Earth is extremely old. |
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Term
| How did Charles Lyell influence Darwin? |
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Definition
| Lyell explained that there were geological forces at work that were changing the Earth at en extremely slow rate. Darwin asked that if the Earth can change, might life change, too. |
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Term
| What 3 points did Lamarck bring up about evolution? |
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Definition
| He stated that organisms have a tendency toward perfection, can lose organs based on use and disuse, and can inherit acquired traits. |
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Term
| How did Thomas Malthus influence Darwin? |
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Definition
| Malthus saw that the human population was growing too rapidly, and that only certain factors keep it in check. Darwin wondered if the same thing happens in nature, and that animals produce much more offspring than can survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Any inherited characteristic that increases and organism's chance of survival |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic points of Darwin's theory of evolution? |
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Definition
| In nature, there is a struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and descent with modification. |
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Term
| What is the graph of directional selection? |
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Definition
| One end of the curve has higher fitness that the rest. |
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Term
| What is the graph of stabilizing selection? |
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Definition
| The middle of the graph has higher fitness than the rest. |
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Term
| What is the graph of disruptive selection? |
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Definition
| Both ends of the curve have higher fitness than the rest. |
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Term
| What is the founder effect? |
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Definition
| It is when allele frequencies change due to migration. |
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Term
| What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and what are the 5 factors? |
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Definition
| Allele frequencies will remain constant unless one or more factors are in play. The 5 factors are random mating, no mutations, no natural selection, no movement, and large population. |
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Term
| What are the 3 isolating mechanisms? |
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Definition
| They are behavioral, geographic, and temporal isolation. |
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Term
| What were the steps taken for the speciation of finches to occur? |
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Definition
| First, stray finches were blown off the mainland and onto the Galapagos. Some birds flew to other islands and became geographically isolated from the original founders. The separate populations formed different gene pools. Because of that, the new birds will not mate with the old birds, and they continued to evolve that way. |
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Term
| What is the order of classification? |
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Definition
| The order is kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. |
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Term
| What is adaptive radiation? |
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Definition
| It is where a common ancestor evolved into separate species. |
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Term
| What is convergent evolution? |
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Definition
| That is where different species grow to look like one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is where 2 species evolve in response to one another. |
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Term
| What are the cell types, cell structure, number of cells, and mode of nutrition for each kingdom? |
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Definition
Eubacteria: prokaryote, cell wall with peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph
Archaebacteria: prokaryote, cell wall without peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph
Protista: eukaryote, cell walls of cellulose in some and some with chloroplast, unicellular or multicellular, autotroph or heterotroph
Fungi: eukaryote, cell walls with chitin, unicellular or multicellular, heterotroph
Plantae: eukaryote, cell walls of cellulose with chloroplast, multicellular, autotroph
Animalia: eukaryote, no cell wall or chloroplast, multicellular, heterotroph |
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