Term
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Definition
| Small changes, Changes in the frequency of an allele in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| A lot of little changes over time resulting in big change and a different species, "descent with modification" |
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Term
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Definition
| They must be able to reproduce and offspring must be viable. |
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Term
| What was LaMarck's theory of evolution? |
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Definition
| Organisms change because they want to, vestigial organs will disappear, inheritance of acquired traits |
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Term
| What were Darwin's 4 theories of evolution? |
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Definition
1. Each population has variation in appearance and personality
2. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support
3. Population size remains relatively constant over time
4. The earth is slowly, but constantly, changing |
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Term
| What were Darwin's 3 main conclusions? |
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Definition
1. Natural Selection
2. Adaptation - born with traits that are fit for the environment
3. The fit traits will be spread |
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Term
| What is evidence of macro evolution? |
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Definition
Fossil Record
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Homologous Embryos
Homologous Molecules |
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Term
| What are homologous structures? |
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Definition
| Have a similar plan, adapted to different things, common ancestry |
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Term
| What are vestigial structures? |
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Definition
| Remnant organs/bones that are no longer used by a species |
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Term
| What are homologous embryos? |
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Definition
| Similar embryos in different species that show common ancestry |
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Term
| What is convergent evolution? |
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Definition
| Same traits with different origins, caused by similar environments |
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Term
| What are analogous structures? |
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Definition
| Structures for the same function/purpose with different origins |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of like organisms that live together, offspring will be able to reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the alleles in a given population |
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Term
| What are the 5 Hardy-Weinberg conditions to prevent change? |
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Definition
1. Random mating
2. No mutations
3. Constant environment
4. No migration/gene flow
5. Large population |
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Term
| What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bottleneck effect? |
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Definition
| When something happens (ex. natural disaster) which decimates population, not caused by natural selection |
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Term
| What is the Founder Effect? |
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Definition
| Starting a new population with just a few individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Where one particular phenotype is found |
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Term
| What are the 3 selection types? |
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Definition
| Directional Selection, Stabilizing Selection, Disruptive Selection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is sexual dimorphism? |
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Definition
| Where different genders look different. |
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Term
| What are the two types of sexual selection and what are they? |
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Definition
Intrasexual Selection - members of the same sex compete against each other
Intersexual Selection - one gender is influencing the other gender, selection of the individuals of the opposite sex |
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Term
| What are the 3 mating selections? |
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Definition
Monogamy - one mate per mating season/life span
Polygamy - one male, many females
Polyandry - one female, multiple males |
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Term
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Definition
| When 2 different species evolve in a way to depend on each other |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of mimicry? |
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Definition
Mullerian - both benefit from it, help each other, both harmful
Batesian - a harmless organism mimics a harmful one, mimic hurts original |
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Term
| What is adaptive radiation? |
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Definition
| one species enters a relatively new territory, then a quick explosion of new species because there is no competition |
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Term
| What is allopatric speciation? |
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Definition
| Geographic isolation -> reproductive isolation. Eventually creates 2 new species |
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Term
| What is sympatric speciation? |
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Definition
| Developing a new species in the presence of the original species, no geographic isolation |
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Term
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Definition
3 or more sets of DNA
Autopolyploidy- doubling chromosome number of species
Allopolyploidy- Hybrid of 2 species |
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Term
| What are some premating mechanisms? |
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Definition
Behavioral differences (mating rituals),
Chemical Scent |
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Term
| What is temporal isolation? |
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Definition
| Plants releasing seeds during a particular season |
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Term
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Definition
| Species gradually changing over time |
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Term
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Definition
| No change from millions of years ago to today (living fossils, ex. tortoises, alligators) |
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Term
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Definition
| Same for a long time, then massive change in a short time and then no change again |
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Term
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Definition
Adaptations that are modified body parts
(ex. wings -> arms) |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in timing or rate of development |
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Term
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Definition
| the retention of juvenile structures in a sexually mature adult |
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Term
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Definition
| an alteration in the placement of body parts |
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