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Change in population, or anything bigger then population. The process which modern organisms are descended from ancient ones. Involves five assumptions: 1. Many more individuals are born in each generation then will survive and reproduce 2. There is variation among individuals 3. Individuals with certain characteristics are fitter 4. Some of these characteristics are heritable 5. Vast spans of time have to be available for change |
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| Came up with the theory of Evolution due to his knowledge of Artificial Selection and Malthus's paper. |
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| Breeding animals and plants selectively for traits |
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| Compared birth and death rate in England and America and decided that population went up in America because it had room for growth. He concluded that eventually population size will outstrip the food supply, so the population needs war, famine and disease to survive. |
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| Proposed natural sellection to Darwin |
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| Differential fittness producing adaptation of organisms to their enviroment. Invovles interactions between individual organsims and thier enviroment, but individuals don't evolve. |
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| The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific eviroment |
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| All the genetic information or heredetary material possesd by an organism; the entire genetic complement of an organism |
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| Organs that no longer funtion- evolutionary leftovers. Proof of evolution. |
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| Theory of inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: structures change during one's lifetime due to use or disuse- true- and these changes are possed on to offspring- false. |
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| One ancestor evolved into many different forms. |
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| Structures with different form and ufnction coming from a common ancestor as a result of Adaptive Radation. |
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| Unrelated forms evolve under similar conditions so that they look alike. |
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| Structures that are similar in form and function and have evolved from unrelated ancestors due to convergent evolution |
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| The classification of living things |
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Came up with Binomial Nomenclature, Key and seven level system of hierarchical classification. |
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| What scientists use to classify an organism by using couplets of contrasting characterisics. By choosing one couplet you will go on to the next couplet until you classify the organism. |
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The two names of animals: Genus species |
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| Seven Levels of Hierarchical Classification |
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| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species |
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| More inclusive than kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
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| Unicellular, Prokaryotic, Cell Walls. Aerobes to Anaerobes, Photosynthetic to not. Single circular chromosome and several plasmids. Types: Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilla. Reproduce Asexually through binary fission and sexually through trnasformation, transduction and conjugation. |
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| Unicellular, prokaryotic and live in extreme enviroments. |
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| All organims with Nucei. Kingdoms: Protisita, plantae, fungi and Animalia |
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| Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
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| Aquatic and mainly unicellular Kingdom in Eukarya consisting of Protozoa and Algae |
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Unicellular, some are parasitic, animal like Protistans. |
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| Move using flagella, mainly non photosynthetic Phylum in Protozoa |
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| Genus in phylum Sarcodian (which is a Protozoan). Move using Ameboid Movements. |
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| Piece of Amoeba's cytoplasm sent out so as to move or eat food by engulfing it |
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Phylum in Protozoa. move with cilia |
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| Phylum in Protozoa that don't move, are parasitic and cause Malaria |
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Genus of Sporozoan that cause Malaria and are transported in the salivary gland of mosquitoes. |
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| caused by Plasmodium and transpoted by mosquitoe to the blood where thye grow until they burst the blood cells and cause fever. |
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| Photosynthetic Plant like Protistans: Phytoplankton and Seaweed |
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| Phylum of Phytoplankton with glassy walls |
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| phylum of phytoplankton with cellulose cell walls and flagella. |
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| Mainly multicellular algae |
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| multicellular to unicellular seaweed that is the ancestor of plants |
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| Multicellular Seaweed- ex:kelp |
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Waxy waterproof layer all plants have |
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| Alternation of Generation |
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| The way plants reproduce: Diploid generation makes haploid generation and visa versa |
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| Dominant plant generation also called sporophyte |
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| produces spores by meisos and is made through sexual reproduction |
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| One haploid, waterproof cell produces by asexula reproduction- mitosis |
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| How Spores are produced- asexual reproduction |
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| How Sprophytes are produced- Mitosis |
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| how spores are made- Meiosis |
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| Haploid spores that produce Gametes |
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| moss, phylum in plantae. No vascular tissue- grow close to the ground to diffues fluids. Free swimming sperm- grow close together so film of water comes on top. Only grow in damp areas. Sporophytes dependant on Gametophytes. Waterproof spores |
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| need to swim in water to reproduce for mosses and ferns |
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free swimming sperm, vascular tissue and spore released into air. large sporophytes and small indepndaent gametophytes and waterproof spores. need film of water to reprodce |
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| Embryo of living plant encased in protective covering and surrouded by food supply. Seed plants have greatly reduced gametophytes dependant on sporophytes, waterproof seeds and no need for liquid water for reproduction |
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| Structure surrounding the plant embryo to stop it from drying out |
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| Organism in earliest stage of developement |
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| Sperm in a waterproof case- eliminating the need for liquid water |
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| Transfer of pollen from male to female structure |
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| Seed Plant with naked seeds |
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| Phylum of gymnosperm. Gametophyte: cone |
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| flowering plant. gametophyte in flowers |
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| distribute pollen for angiosperms. better becaue attracts bugs and birds |
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| Distribute seed of angiosperm through excretion of birds |
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| Xylem and Phloem distribute food and water throughout plant |
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| Transports water from roots to leaves through nonliving cell walls that make up wood using transpiration cohesion tension. |
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| transports sugar water from leaves to roots through living sieve cells using translocation pressure flow |
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| Anchor plant to soil and absorb minerals and water through active transport and osmosis. Dermis has root hairs which increase surface area and therefor the amount absorbed |
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| supporting structure connecting roots to leaves and carrying water and nutrients between them |
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| Photosynthetic organ containing one or more bundles of vascular tissue |
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