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| What was in Earth's early atmosphere, and wat was the environment? |
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Definition
| hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water made up the atmosphere. 4 Billion yrs ago, earth cooled just enough to allow solid rocks to form. 3.8 Billion yrs ago, Earth's surface cooled enough that water could remain a liquid. |
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| What happened after Earth cooled? |
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Definition
| Earth cooled enough to allow the first solid rocks to form on its surface. For millions of years afterward, violent volcanic activity shook Earth's crust. Comets and asteroids bombarded its surface. Oceans did not exist because the surface was extremely hot. |
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| Who conducted an experiment to see if life could have existed on early Earth? What did they discover? |
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Definition
| Miller and Urey produced amino acids, which are needed to make proteins, by passing sparks through a mixture of hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water. This and other experiments suggested how simple compounds found on the early Earth could have combined to form the organic compounds needed for life. |
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| What did Miller and Urey conclude? |
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Definition
| Miller and Urey's experiments suggested how mixtures of the organic compounds necessary for life could have arisen from simpler compounds present on a primitive Earth. |
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Term
| How can Microspheres form? What are they? |
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Definition
| large organic molecules can form tiny bubbles called proteinoid microspheres. Microspheres are not cells, but they have some characteristics of living systems. Like cells, they have selectively permeable membranes through which water molecules can pass. Microspheres also have a simple means of storing and releasing energy. |
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Definition
| Microscopic fossils of single-celled prokaryotic organisms that resemble modern bacteria have been found in rocks more than 3.5 billion years old Those first life forms must have evolved in the absence of oxygen, because Earth's first atmosphere contained very little of that highly reactive gas. |
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Term
| What happened when oxygen levels were increased on Earth? |
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Definition
| The rise of oxygen in the atmosphere drove some life forms to extinction, while other life forms evolved new, more efficient metabolic pathways that used oxygen for respiration. |
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Term
| What is endosymbiotic theory? Evidence? |
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Definition
| The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms. Lynn Margulis and her supporters built their argument on several pieces of evidence: First, mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA. Second, mitochondria and chloroplasts have ribosomes whose size and structure closely resemble those of bacteria. Third, like bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by binary fission when the cells containing them divide by mitosis. |
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Term
| Basic units of geologic time? |
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Definition
| After precamrian time, eras and periods. Each era is divided into periods. |
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Definition
| They are the Paleozoic Era, the Mesozoic Era, and the Cenozoic Era. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Paleozoic (pay-lee-oh-ZOH-ik) began about 544 million years ago and lasted for almost 300 million years. Many vertebrates and invertebrates—animals with and without backbones—lived during the Paleozoic. |
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| The Mesozoic (mez-uh-ZOH-ik) began about 245 million years ago and lasted about 180 million years. Some people call the Mesozoic the Age of Dinosaurs, yet dinosaurs were only one of many kinds of organisms that lived during this era. Mammals began to evolve during the Mesozoic. |
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Definition
| It began about 65 million years ago and continues to the present. The Cenozoic is sometimes called the Age of Mammals because mammals became common during this time. |
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| Main aspect of Paleozoic? |
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Definition
| Rich fossil evidence shows that early in the Paleozoic Era, there was a diversity of marine life |
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Definition
| Events during the Mesozoic include the increasing dominance of dinosaurs. The Mesozoic is marked by the appearance of flowering plants. |
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| During the Cenozoic, mammals evolved adaptations that allowed them to live in various environments—on land, in water, and even in the air |
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Term
| What did Hutton and Lynell conclude?? |
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Definition
| Hutton and Lyell helped scientists recognize that Earth is many millions of years old, and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present. |
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Definition
| Lamarck proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then be passed on to their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species. |
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Term
| How did the oceans turn blue green? |
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Definition
| Primitive oceans were brown bc they contained lots of dissolved iron. The earliest sedentary rocks, which were deposited in water, have been dated to this period ****LIFE APPEARED |
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Term
| What was the first hypothesized life form? |
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Definition
| single celled, prokaryotic (like modern bacteria only no nucleus), anaerobic (no O2), and heterotrophic (uses organic carbon for growth). |
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Term
| Rank these events from oldest: first life, photosynthetic prokaryotes, amphibians, earth cools, fish, oceans form, oceans are blue green, reptiles, humans, eukaryotes, land plants, invertebrates, mammals, multicellular life |
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Definition
| 1.)Earth cools 2.) oceans form 3.)first life 4.)photosynthetic prokaryotes 5.)oceans are blue green 6.)eukaryotes 7.)multicellular life 8.)invertebrates 9.)fish 10.)land plants 11.)amphibians 12.)reptiles 13.)mammals 14.) humans |
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Definition
| he was a geologist, said that earth is millions and not thousands of years old. He said that earth's age can be measured by its number of layers. |
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| Because of him, Darwin published his work on natural selection. Wallace speculated on natural selection due to distribution. |
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Definition
| said that critters pass on acquired characteristics through selective use (false) |
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| he concluded that if human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone. |
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| What are the 5 steps of natural selection? |
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| ie. aligator leg, bird wing, mammal leg, all very similar which proves relation |
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