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the adjustment of an organism to its environment, or the process by which it enhances such fitness. the normal adjustment of the eye to variations in intensity of light. the decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation. in dentistry, (a) the proper fitting of a denture, (b) the degree of proximity and interlocking of restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c) the exact adjustment of bands to teeth. in microbiology, the adjustment of bacterial physiology to a new environment. |
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An example is when there is a chain of islands and you can easily follow migration patterns from one island to the next. It is also evolution from a primitive organism to several divergent forms adapted to distinct modes of life. |
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| alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. |
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| Speciation when an ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier or is itself divided into two or more geographically isolated subpopulations. |
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| When two species have similar structures due to convergent evolution rather than descent from a common ancestor with the same trait |
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| to study and think deeply into things. Analyze piece by piece. |
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| Learning how to put things together to make them one big picture. Using what you learn in the classroom in the outside world is an application. |
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| selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits |
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| the two part latinized name of species, consisting of genus and specific epithet |
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| study of past and present distributions of species |
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| biological species concept |
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| definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature or produce viable, fertile offspring, but are not able to produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other populations |
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| genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population typically by a natural disaster such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the orginial popluation. |
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| hypothesis by George Cuvier that each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought, that had destroyed many of the species living there at that time. |
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| the taxonomic category above order |
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| the process whereby organisms not monophyletic (not closely related), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to ecological niches or similar environments |
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| descent with modification |
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| darwins initial phrase for the general process of evolution |
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| ecological species concept |
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| defining species in terms of ecological roles(niches) |
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is the ecological state of being unique to a place. Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere. The place must be a discrete geographical unit, such as an island, habitat type, or other defined area or zone.
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| Genetic Equilibrium: When a Gene pool is no longer creating new genes to keep the certain species from evolving anymore than they already have. HWE |
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| to look something over and acess it. Study it. |
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| taxonomic category above genus |
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| the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contribution of other individuals |
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| the chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geological time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rock strata. |
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| genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population with the result that the new population's gene pool is not reflective of the original population |
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| genetic additions to or subtractions from a populationresluting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes |
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| the total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time |
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The genetic Diversity of a species, an ecosystem, or in fact anything living is a crucial indicator as to how life is coping over time in the environment that it exists in. The varied species gene pool inevitably means their are a diverse number of permutations in the genes that the gene pool consists of. A diverse gene pool is deemed genetically diverse. [image] |
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| unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next because of a populations finite size |
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| the genetic makeup of set of alleles of an organism |
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| a taxonomic categoryabove the species level designated by the first word of the species' two part scientific name |
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| the geological time scale involves different time periods like jurassic, cretacous, and triassic (there are many more). |
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| a view of earth's history that attributes profound change to the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes. |
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| greater reproductive success of heterozygote individuals compared to homozygotes. Tends to preserve variation in gene pools |
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| structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |
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| similarity in characteristics resulting from shared ancestry. |
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| taxonomic category. THe second broadest after domain |
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| evolutionary change above species level including the appearance of major evolutionary developments such as flight that we use to define higher taxa |
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| evolutionary change below the species level. Change in genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation |
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| an evolutionary timing method based on the observation that atleast some regions of genomes evolve at constant rate |
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| a change in the dna of a gene ultimately creating genetic diversity |
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| differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when naturla selection causes changes in relative frequecies of alleles in the gene pool. |
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| the taxonomic category above family |
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| the physical physiological traits of an organism, determined by genetic makeup |
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| taxonomic category above class |
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| the coexistance of two or more distinct forms in the same population |
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| a localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species (capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring) |
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| any of several species isolating mechanisms that prevent hybrids produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults |
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| long periods of apparent stasis (no change) interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change |
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A genetic trait that is determined by multiple interacting loci, and for which there is a range of phenotypes between phenotypic extremes.
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| the existance of biological barriers that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids |
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| a ring species is a connected series of neighboring populations that can interbreed with relatively closely related populations, but for which there exist at least two "end" populations in the series that are too distantly related to interbreed. Often such non-breeding-though-genetically-connected populations co-exist in the same region thus creating a "ring". Ring species provide important evidence of evolution in that they illustrate what happens over time as populations genetically diverge, and are special because they represent in living populations what normally happens over time between long deceased ancestor populations and living populations. |
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| special case of polymorphism based on the distinction between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females |
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| natural selection for mating success |
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| origin of new species in evolution |
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| a group whose members posess similar anatomical characteristics and ahve the ability to interbreed |
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| the second part of a binomial referring to one species with in a genus |
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| a mode of speciation occuring as a result of a radical change in the genome of a subpopulation, reproductively isolating the subpopulation from the parent population |
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| a set of ideas from several biological specialities that were brought together to form a unified theory of evolution accepted by the great majority of working biologists. This synthesis was produced over a period of about a decade (1936–1947) and was closely connected with the development from 1918 to 1932 of the discipline of population genetics, which integrated the theory of natural selection with Mendelian genetics |
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| the analytical study of the diversity and relationships of organisms, both present day and extinct |
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| the named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification |
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| ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences leading to classification scheme; the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life |
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| Charles Lyell's idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout earths history |
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| a reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization of ova if interspecific mating is attempted |
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