Term
| Processes that have lead to all organisms on Earth |
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Definition
1) Interactions between organism and environment
2) Continuity of heredity
3) Occasional disturbances by chance |
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Term
| Synthetic Theory of Organic Evolution |
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Definition
1) mutation
2) genetic recombination
3) Natural Selections |
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Term
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Definition
evolution below species level (races, sub-species)
*proven fact |
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Term
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Definition
Evolution above species level
*Working hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of partial or complete and irreversible transformations of the genetic composition of populations based principally upon altered intersections with the environment |
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Term
| Three Classes of Evidence for Evolution |
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Definition
1) small scale changes in lab experiments, nature, etc (fruit flies)
2) large scale changes in fossil record
3) Vestigial structures |
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Term
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Definition
| interactions of genes at different loci |
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Term
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Definition
| single gene affects several traits |
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Term
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Definition
| several genes affect one trait |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the environment favors the expression of a particular train within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| also proposes theory of Natural Selection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life" (1859) |
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Term
| Requirements of Natural Selection |
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Definition
1) Reproducing organisms
2) Genetic differences
3) Differences influence success
4) New sources of variation |
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Term
| Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection |
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Definition
the rate of increase in fitness of a population is equal to the genetic variation in fitness
(more variation, more rapid adaptation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tested "Fundamental Theorem" with fruit flies (mixed strain was more successful) |
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Term
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Definition
| relative capability of an organism to survive and reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| One extreme is selected for, so population frequency shifts |
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Term
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Definition
| Both extremes are selected against; average remains the same |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that is reproductively isolated from other such groups |
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Term
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Definition
| "mixing up" of genes because of interbreeding of different populations |
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Definition
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Definition
| speciation in different places (geographical isolation) |
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Term
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Definition
| speciation in a single habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| two different (plant) species are bred to create a new species |
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Term
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Definition
| genotypic frequencies in a population remain constant unless there are outside forces |
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Term
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Definition
| difference in competing species become exaggerated (beaks of finches) |
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Term
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Definition
| separation of evolutionary branches |
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Term
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Definition
| unrelated species evolve comparable traits under similar environmental circumstances (placental and marsupial wolves) |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary changes in one species occur together with changes in another species (bees and flowers) |
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Term
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Definition
| structures that evolve from same ancient structure (human arm and bat wings) |
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Term
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Definition
| similar function, but different evolutionary history |
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Definition
| changes within a specific lineage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two sister species diverge from a common ancestor at equal rates |
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Term
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Definition
| a species changes rapidly as it first comes into existence then stabilizes |
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Term
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Definition
| species are a mosaic of ancestral traits and a few recently acquired traits |
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Term
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Definition
| one structure changes correspondingly with another (horn size and head size) |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated evolution of similar forms |
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