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Evidence Based Decision Making
Weir
55
Medical
Undergraduate 3
02/24/2013

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Cards

Term
What is the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values?
Definition
Evidence based practice
Term
What are the steps in evidence based practice?
Definition
Assess
ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Term
what stage is the clinical problems or question that arise during care of the patient
Definition
the Assess stage
Term
what stage is the construct clinical questions that facilitate an efficient search for evidence.
Definition
the Ask stage
Term
what stage is the select the appropriate resource and gather important and convincing evidence from high-quality repositories of the health literature.
Definition
the acquire stage
Term
what stage is the systematically check best available evidence for indications of validity, importance, and usefulness
Definition
the appraise stage
Term
what stage is the interpret the applicability of evidence to specific problems, given patient preference, values and your clinical expertise.
Definition
the apply stage
Term
A well built question should include what four parts?
Definition
P-patient problem or population
I-intervention
C-comparison
O-outcome(s)
Term
when developing the clinical question, what are things that will help us develop the P in PICO?
Definition
(Find out how you would describe their problem to a college)
(what characterizes their problem)
-finding out the patients primary problem
-ask them their main concern or Chief complaint
-looking at their disease or health status
-look at their age, race, sex, previous ailments, current medications
Term
In the Intervention in the PICO progress what is done to gather information?
Definition
Identify what you plan to do for that patient, may include the use of specific diagnostic test, treatment, adjunctive therapy, medication or the recommendation to the patient to use a product or procedure.
Term
What is the 3rd phase in PICO?
Definition
Comparison
Term
will you always have a comparison phase?
Definition
Not always
Term
what is done in the comparison phase?
Definition
the main alternative to compare with the intervention phase.
when your trying to decide between two drugs, or products, or instruments to use.
Term
what does the O in PICO stand for?
Definition
outcome
Term
what is done in the Outcome phase?
Definition
this is where you plan what you will accomplish, improve or affect and it should be measurable
Term
In what phase of PICO would you be relieving or eliminating specific symptoms, improving or maintaining function or enhancing esthetics?
Definition
Outcome phase
Term
Case study question, Name his PICO?

-4 month recare appointment due to a busy schedule he's 2 months late
-diabetic type 2
-frequently uses breath mints
-away from home 3-4 days a week
- Eats out often
-knows oral hygiene is important
-doesn't always brush 2x a day
-Periodontal chart shows 4mm pockets w/ moderate bleeding
-fasting blood glucose level is <160
Definition
P- Diabetic, busy life style, Periodontal disease
I- reduce recare interval, nutritional counseling and oral hygiene instruction
C-standard of care
O- Reduction in periodontal disease, stabilized diabetes
Term
What is a good clinical question for this patient example regarding his problems of diabetes and periodontal disease?
Definition
Is controlling diabetes going to improve the patients periodontal condition or vise versa?
Term
What are good sources to look into when gathering evidence to state a clinical question?
Definition
peer-reviewed professional literature based on the appropriate methodology
Term
To research efficiently you should first know....?
Definition
what questions to ask
Term
when asking a question about a diagnosis what question should you be researching?
Definition
how to select and interpret diagnostic tests
Term
when asking a question about a therapy what question should you be researching?
Definition
how to select treatments to offer patients that do more food than harm and that are worth the efforts and costs of using them.
Term
when asking a question about a prognosis what question should you be researching?
Definition
how to estimate the patients likely clinical course over time and anticipate likely complications of disease
Term
when asking a question about a Harm/etiology what question should you be researching?
Definition
how to identify causes for disease (including iatrogenic forms)
Term
what is the most common type of question research we do as hygienist?
Definition
Therapy
Term
what is the best way to find information?
Definition
online database
Term
are there different types of evidence grades?
Definition
yes
Term
what is the least clinical relevant research?
Definition
case series/ case reports
Term
what type of research is case control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trial?
Definition
good studies, that are helpful, but sometimes its only one study done
Term
what types research is the most reliable that is multiple research studies?
Definition
Meta- Analysis
Systematic Review
Term
What is a case control study?
Definition
are studies in which patients who already have a specific condition are compared with people who do not have the condition
Term
What is the research looking at in case control studies?
Definition
looking back to identify factors or exposures that might be associated with the illness.
Term
Are case control studies more reliable than RCT?
Definition
they are less reliable
Term
Why are they less reliable than RCT and cohort studies?
Definition
because showing a statistical relationship does not mean than one factor necessarily caused the other.
Term
what study takes a large population who are already taking a particular treatment of have an exposure, follow them forward over time and then compare them for outcomes with a similar group that has not been affected by the treatment or exposure being studied.
Definition
Cohort studies
Term
what type of study is a Cohort study?
Definition
Observational
Term
which is more reliable cohort studies or RCT?
Definition
RCT
Term
Why aren't Cohort studies more reliable?
Definition
since the two groups may differ in ways other than in the variable under study
Term
What type of study is controlled clinical trials are carefully planned projects that introduce a treatment or exposure to study its effect on real patients?
Definition
Randomized, controlled clinical trials
Term
what reduces the potential for bias in a RCT?
Definition
Methodologies (randomization and blinding)
Term
What kind of evidence will a RCT yield?
Definition
can provide sound evidence of cause and effect.
Term
what looks at several RCT or Cohort studies and compares several things and then summarizes them?
Definition
Systematic Review
Term
what is the most validated form of research?
Definition
Meta Analysis
Term
What is meta- Analysis known as ""?
Definition
"A study of the Studies"
Term
what type of study will thoroughly examine a number of valid studies on a topic and combine the results using accepted statistical methodology to repost the results as if it were one large study?
Definition
Meta Analysis
Term
what Collaboration does a lot of systematic reviews and meta-analysis?
Definition
Cochrane Collaboration
Term
What are three databases that can be used to locate research (good viable research)?
Definition
EBM Reviews, Medline, AIDSLINE, CINAHL, PubMed
Term
What is the difference in the authors of Peer reviewed journals, popular magazines and professional & trade magazines?
Definition
Peer reviewed journals- experts in their field and articles are peer reviewed or refereed.
Popular magazines- may not be experts on their topic, just trained writers
Professional & Trade magazines- authors have expertise in their field, no peer review process
Term
what is the difference in the content of a peer reviewed journal, popular magazine, and a Professional & Trade magazine?
Definition

peer reviewed journal- Long articles that focus on research projects, methodology and theory, formal language.

Popular Magazine- short articles that focus on general interest, current events, news and personalities. Professional & Trade magazines- fairly short articles with emphasis on industry trends, new products or techniques and organizational news.

Term
Primary Research is?
Definition
Data is gathered by the researcher himself from scratch this kind of research is raw and unfiltered which means more work is needed to get the desired information to meet objectives.
Term
Secondary Research is?
Definition
Instead of gathering data themselves, they use second hand information taken from published articles, recorded interviews, and from various literature formats like books, videos, and news reports. The information that they can get are already analyzed and polished so they can select which ones can meet their goals.
Term
what is the main difference in primary and secondary research?
Definition
the difference lies in the source researchers use to transform their data into information. Primary is gathered by the researcher and secondary is polished material already published brought together for a researcher.
Term
Example of a single author bibliography APA
Definition
Last name first, followed by author initials.

Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
Term
How to conduct a literature search?
Definition
1st- what type of question are you asking? 2nd- Online data base with a high grade of evidence to get good information such as a peer review journal
Term
Example of how to cite a online journal APA style...
Definition
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 or http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
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