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| people who spoke out and/or fought against slavery |
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| elected President; wanted to end slavery; his election led to secession of some southern states |
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| after the Confederate troops attacked and took over this South Carolina fort, Lincoln decided to send Union troops to reclaim it; VA viewed this as an act of war and seceded from the Union |
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| escaped slave who helped other slaves escape through secret routes known as the "Underground Railroad" |
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| President of the Confederate States of America |
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| abolitionist who led a raid on the U.S. Armory at Harper's Ferry, VA; hoped to start a slave rebellion but was captured and hanged |
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| slave who led revolt against plantation owners in VA |
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| the Union; "free states;" industrialized; against slavery; "strong central" government |
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| the Confederacy; "slave states;" agricultural; for slavery; "state rights" government |
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| the eastern counties of VA were for slavery but the western counties were against it; after VA joined the Confederacy, the western counties decided to secede from Virginia and join the Union as a new state |
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| cities with factories and businesses |
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| to break away from; southern states seceded from the Union and created the "Confederate States of America" |
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| also known as the First Battle of Manassas; first major battle of the Civil War; led by General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson |
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| battle in which Union troops were defeated by General Robert E. Lee |
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| the capital of the Confederacy; fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and burned near the end of the war |
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| when warships are used to stop other ships from entering or leaving a port; the Union Navy was ordered by Lincoln to block southern ports during the Civil War |
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| The Monitor and the Merrimack |
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| important sea battle in VA waters between two ironclad ships; battle was fought to a draw |
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| term to describe ships covered with iron plates |
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| place of surrender in VA where General Robert E. Lee surrendered his troops to General Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 due to lack of supplies and men |
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| Confederate General and Commander of the Army of Northern VA |
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| Confederate General nicknamed "Stonewall" |
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| Union General; 18th president |
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| most white Virginians supported the Confederacy |
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| enslaved African Americans |
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| raised crops and provided labor for the Confederacy |
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| some supported the Confederacy because they believed it was the best way to protect their limited rights |
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| most did not take sides during the Civil War |
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