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Evans-Core II-Midterm
Midterm study guide
258
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2013

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Cards

Term
With whom did Aristotle study?
Definition
Plato
Term
If a state has three equal rulers who view the "end" of the state as a means to oppress the individual citizen, it is called?
Definition
Oligarchy
Term
According to Aristotle, what differentiates man from animals?
Definition
Language
Term
According to Aristotle, inferiors revolt in order that they may be ___________, and equals revolt in order that they may be ____________.
Definition
equal, superior
Term
The fact that men generally were governed by kings in ancient times leads us to believe what?
Definition
The gods are also governed by a king because we make the gods in our image.
Term
According to Aristotle, why is man meant for political association?
Definition
Man has the ability to communicate and reason.
Term
According to Aristotle, in what ways does a good man differ from a good citizen?
Definition
They do not differ because good citizens depend on good men.
Term
In The Politics, Aristotle states: "Should the body be destroyed so shall be the hand." What is the hand?
Definition
Citizen
Term
According to Aristotle, which of the following constitutional transitions occurs as a result of self-centered leadership?
Definition
Aristocracy to oligarchy
Term
For what reason does the state originate or grow, according to Aristotle?
Definition
Necessity
Term
According to Aristotle, how does a good citizen act?
Definition
administers the law
participates in public deliberation
holds office
serves on juries
Term
In Aristotle's Politics, he discusses the various associations of man. Which association grouping lists these in order of smallest to largest based on population size?
Definition
Household, village, polis
Term
Who is considered a citizen?
Definition
One who shares in deliberation, administration, and officeholding.
Term
What is the product of a perverted aristocracy?
Definition
Oligarchy
Term
According to Aristotle, which of the following could be citizens?
Definition
Good men
Term
In Aristotle's 'The Politics,' what does he consider to be the first association leading up to a polis?
Definition
Husband and wife
Term
Why are men meant more for political association than animals?
Definition
Reason
Term
What are the three forms of assocation, in the correct order?
Definition
Family, Village, State
Term
Why is the state maintained?
Definition
The sake of a good life
Term
According to Aristotle, what is the sequence of association?
Definition
Family, Village, State
Term
According to Aristotle, what is one of the seven occasions that start revolution?
Definition
A new majority
Term
Which of the following is an impetus for revolution, according to Aristotle?
Definition
Occasion
Term
Which of the following words did Aristotle conclude in his forms of goodness?
Definition
Justice
Courage
Term
Why does the polis come before man, according to Aristotle?
Definition
The whole comes before the parts
Term
According to Hobbes, what makes a contract void?
Definition
External authority
Term
After reading Aristotle and Hobbes, which of the following statements is true?
Definition
Hobbes and Aristotle disagree on the equality of man.
Term
According to Hobbes, what is it called where there is a mutual exchange of rights?
Definition
A contract
Term
According to Hobbes, what makes a contract void?
Definition
External authority
Term
After reading Aristotle and Hobbes, which of the following statements is true?
Definition
Hobbes and Aristotle disagree on the equality of man.
Term
According to Hobbes, what is it called where there is a mutual exchange of rights?
Definition
A contract
Term
How do Hobbes and Aristotle differ in terms of their views of the state?
Definition
Hobbes believed in a social contract, while Aristotle did not.
Term
Aristotle questioned, "What is justice?" By contrast, what did Hobbes question?
Definition
What is power?
Term
Which of the following describes the law of nature, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
Term
The leviathan refers to a "big monster of the deep." This phrase appears in the Bible in the Book of _________.
Definition
Job
Term
Why are all men equal, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Because each person has the potential to kill his or her fellow man.
Term
According to Hobbes, a man carrying a gun to protect himself is evidence of what?
Definition
A state of nature
Term
Which quote from Hobbes is stated correctly?
Definition
"Continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short..."
Term
What are the two types of power, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Original and instrumental
Term
What allows all men to be considered equal, according to Hobbes?
Definition
The ability to kill or be killed by anyone
Term
According to Hobbes, what is the greatest of human powers?
Definition
The compounded powers of everyone
Term
Which is not a characteristic of the life of man, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Pitiful
Term
Which of the following is not a principle of quarrel, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Competition
Diffidence
Glory
Term
Why does Hobbes suggest that the state of nature is a state of war?
Definition
Self-interest
Term
What are the three causes of quarrel, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Competition, glory, diffidence
Term
Which of the following is not true of a covenant, according to Hobbes?
Definition
It does not require someone able to compel both sides.
Term
According to Hobbes, what are the three principle causes of quarrel?
Definition
Competition, diffidence, glory
Term
Which of the following is not a law of nature, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Marriage contracts shall be consented to by a higher authority.
Term
Which of the following is one of the three principles of quarrel, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Competition
Term
Which of the following rights cannot be transferred, according to Hobbes?
Definition
The right to protect yourself
Term
Which is one of the ways to be freed from a covenant, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Breaking it
Paying it
Term
What is the state of nature, according to Hobbes?
Definition
War
Term
What is the greatest of all powers, according to Hobbes?
Definition
Compounded powers of everyone
Term
Does Hobbes suggest that self-accusation while being tortured is justifiable as a fulfilled covenant?
Definition
No, it is not justifiable because self-accusation is without assurance of pardon.
Term
Which of the following is not a law of nature, as defined by Hobbes?
Definition
No one should declare hatred or contempt of another, except in the case of breaking a contract.
Term
What does written law known by the people bind together, according to Locke?
Definition
It binds the extreme power of the commonwealth.
Term
Locke contributed to what revolution?
Definition
American
Term
What is present in the state of nature, according to Locke?
Definition
Equality
Term
How can an owner of land (who has been given tacit consent to the govenment) be free to leave and join a new commonwealth, according to Locke?
Definition
They sell, donate, or otherwise get rid of their land.
Term
What forms a body politic, according to Locke?
Definition
Expressed consent
Term
What is the duty of the legislative body, according to Locke?
Definition
Make laws in the interest of the common good
Term
Who inspired/informed the American Revolution?
Definition
John Locke
Term
Who is responsible for making laws, according to Locke?
Definition
Legislative power
Term
What is the natural state of man, according to Locke?
Definition
State of freedom
State of equality
Term
According to Locke, what constitutes political power?
Definition
The right of making laws and the ability to enforce the law with punishments
Term
Locke wrote political philosophy during which historical period?
Definition
Enlightenment
Term
What is a characteristic of a person's will, according to Locke?
Definition
Consent
Term
According to Locke, which of the following legislative actions does not warrant a new legislature?
Definition
When excessive taxes are levied
Term
Locke provides a number of alternative courses of action when one disagrees with the majority. An individual:
Definition
Cannot disagree because the group agreed to act as a whole
Term
Locke suggests reasons why a man would harm another man. They include:
Definition
Restraint; Reparation
Term
Which of these ideals is Hobbesian instead of Lockean?
Definition
Natural state of man is a state of war
Term
Locke defined political power as which of the following:
Definition
The right to make and enforce laws under penalty of death
Term
The American Revolution occurred due to the laws and taxes being imposed on the colonists while they did not have representation in Parliament. This constitutes which of Locke's reasons for dissolution of a social contract?
Definition
Consent
Term
What are the differences between Locke's and Hobbes' ideas of functional government?
Definition
Hobbes focused on absolute monarchy, while Locke focused on protection of property.
Term
Locke believes all men are born with:
Definition
A lack of the ability to enforce the law of nature
Term
In a state of nature, who is responsible for executing the laws, according to Locke?
Definition
Every person
Term
According to Locke, what are the two reasons why one man may harm another?
Definition
Restraint and Reparation
Term
In nature, according to Locke, who is responsible for executing the law?
Definition
Everyone
Term
What binds the commonwealth, according to Locke?
Definition
Written law
Indifferent and honorable judges
Term
What is one of the reasons why man can cause harm in a state of nature, according to Locke?
Definition
Restraint
Term
Which of these are reasons why one man may harm another, according to Locke?
Definition
Restraint; Revenge
Term
Why would someone give up his/her natural freedom, according to Locke?
Definition
Mutual preservation of lives and property
Term
According to Locke, what power does man maintain when he enters society?
Definition
The power to protect himself
Term
Locke defines political power as:
Definition
The right of making law and the ability to enforce the law under penalty of death
Term
According to Rousseau, what were men seeking instead of happiness?
Definition
Pleasure
Term
How does Rousseau's conception of the nature of man differ from that of thinkers before him?
Definition
He believes man is more basic, like animals.
Term
Which of the following would Rousseau find to be a false statement?
Definition
Humans are compassionate, as long as the sufferer is not evil.
Term
According to Rousseau, what is the natural state of man?
Definition
Noble savage; The person who can fend for themselves.
Term
Which of the arts (below) does Rousseau say produce great revolution?
Definition
Agriculture
Metal-making
Term
What was Rousseau's criticism of Hobbes' and Locke's perspectives on the state of nature?
Definition
Hobbes and Locke imposed societal ideas/conventions on a natural state.
Term
Rousseau would disagree with the following statement:
Definition
Killing in the name of country is justified.
Term
According to Rousseau, how is moral man different from animals?
Definition
Free will
Term
According to Rousseau, which is not a result of man living in close proximity?
Definition
Led to heightened respect and peaceful living conditions
Term
According to Rousseau, how does man act in a state of nature?
Definition
Man is neither good nor bad, but solitary like an animal.
Term
What is signified by 'miserable'?
Definition
Suffering
Term
According to Rousseau, what are the two kinds of equality?
Definition
Conventional and natural
Term
What are the two types of inequality?
Definition
Physical and moral
Term
Why did Rousseau think that metal-making and agriculture ruined humanity?
Definition
It brought about a sense of property.
Term
According to Rousseau, what are the two types of inequality?
Definition
Agriculture
Metallurgy
Term
What is the definition of "yoke," according to Rousseau?
Definition
Something that binds people together
Term
What is justice, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Reciprocal obligation
Term
According to Rousseau, which of the following is an art that produced great revolution?
Definition
Agriculture
Term
What are the arts that produced great revolution, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Metal-making and agriculture
Term
What art(s) produced great revolution, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Agriculture
Metal-making
Term
Rousseau argued that freedom would lead people to:
Definition
Deprivation of human senses/insticts
Term
The Enlightenment was the birth of what?
Definition
Darwinism
Term
Rousseau stated that the savage and the civilised man differ so much in the bottom of their hearts and in their inclinations, that what constitutes the supreme happiness of one would:
Definition
Reduce the other to despair
Term
What was the first expansion(s) of the human heart, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Conjugal
Paternal
Term
According to Rousseau, what are the two kinds of inequality?
Definition
Natural and Political
Term
How could equality be sustained in a civilized society, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Equally talented people
Term
What are the two kinds of inequality, according to Rousseau?
Definition
Natural and conventional
Physical and political
Term
According to Confucius, what would the careful man be without the rules of propriety to guide him?
Definition
Timid
Term
What is "Li"?
Definition
Socially acceptable behavior
Term
Out of all of the philosophers whose works we have read, which two agreed on Justice as one of their "forms of goodness"?
Definition
Aristotle
Plato
Term
1. In the Great Learning Confucius put much emphasis on the importance of one’s resting place. Profound was King Wan because he revered his resting place. As a sovereign he rested in ________________, as a minister he rested in_________________, as a father he rested in _____________, and in communication with his subjects he rested in ____________.
Definition
Benevolence, reverence, kindness, good faith
Term
What is the one word that may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?
Definition
Reciprocity
Term
Which of these values would not have fit with the teachings of Confucius?
Definition
Individualism
Term
According to Confucius, which of the following best describes boldness without propriety?
Definition
Insubordination
Term
Who said, "The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The mean man has pride without a dignified ease."?
Definition
Confucius
Term
What is not a characteristic of a complete man, according to Confucius?
Definition
Humor
Term
Confucius was free from all of the following, except:
Definition
Insubordination
Term
According to Confucius, the superior man is easy to _______, but difficult to_______ .
Definition
Serve; Please
Term
What concept does Confucius use to identify the totality of socially acceptable behaviors and lifestyles, whether they be moral or non-moral?
Definition
Li
Term
Which of the following does Confucius say individuals need to daily examine themselves?
Definition
Be sincere with friends
Term
Government of the state depends on the regulation of _________, according to Confucius.
Definition
Family
Term
Within the idea of Confucius's "Superior man," all of the following attributes are considered to be virtuous, except:
Definition
Courage
Term
What were the first principles of Confucius?
Definition
Faithfulness and sincerity
Term
Which of these was not one of Confucius's five key virtues?
Definition
Temperance
Term
What is "the matter" free from, according to the Analects?
Definition
Obstinance
Egoism
Forgone conclusions
Arbitrary predeterminations
Term
What virtue does Confucius not mention?
Definition
Wisdom
Term
To be 'superior man,' one must be sincere. To be a great citizen, one must provide justice. To be a paragon of both, one must __________.
Definition
Consider the community
Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the 'superior man,' according to Confucius?
Definition
Unbiased in thoughts
Term
Why do free societies identify with Christianity, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Christianity supports equality.
Term
Why is religious dogma desirable?
Definition
Distracts us from materialistic wants
Provides us with a common goal
Eliminates doubt
Term
What is the least discussed, but most needed value for Americans, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Morals
Term
In what ways does Christianity contribute to democracy, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Idea of Unity
Idea of Equality
Term
What is the source of truth in the minds of Americans, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Mass public opinion
Term
What did Tocqueville say is the chief driving force behind virtuous behavior?
Definition
Private interest
Term
Of the social contract theorists studied thus far, who discussed that while we strive for equality, we often try to put our own self interests above others?
Definition
Tocqueville
Term
According to Tocqueville, the main role of religion in democracy is to:
Definition
To restrain excessive individualism
Term
Why did Tocqueville come to America?
Definition
To study the prison system
Term
The art of association, according to Tocqueville, must grow at the same rate as:
Definition
Equality
Term
What is the source of truth in America, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
The majority
Term
Based on Tocqueville's philosophy, American misery is rooted in:
Definition
Self-interest and ownership of goods
Term
Why does America typically have a low voter turnout?
Definition
Equality causes a feeling of insignificance
Term
According to Tocqueville, what makes Americans restless in prosperity?
Definition
The desire of individuals to acquire more
Term
Which of the following stem from equality, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Self interest as a value
Common ideas
Term
American ideology is based on what religion?
Definition
Protestantism
Term
What is the main business of religion, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
To restrain against natural impulses towards equality
Term
What is the desirability of religious dogma?
Definition
Provides us with a sense of purpose
Frees us from doubt
Term
What would most likely influence a person to partake in altruistic activities, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Religion
Term
What is the essence of American democracy for Tocqueville?
Definition
Omnipotence of majority
Term
According to Tocqueville, what do we as Americans value so much that we are willing to die for it ?
Definition
Equality
Term
What does Tocqueville find repulsive in America ?
Definition
Shortage of guarantees against tyranny
Term
Following Tocqueville's ideas, in a hypothetical situation of a perfect world, which would be true?
Definition
Isolation from equality
Term
The social condition of the Americans was predominantly _____ in the era that Tocqueville sampled.
Definition
Democratic
Term
What is the direct and physical effect of estate law, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
It brings a revolution in property by dividing land.
Term
The key to Tocqueville's theory on community is:
Definition
To instill habits of little acts of virtue in our young
Term
Who does Tocqueville resemble in his view that people are always wanting more and never fully satisfied with what they have?
Definition
Rousseau
Term
In early America, there was almost perfect equality of ____ and ____?
Definition
Wealth; Intelligence
Term
According to Tocqueville, Puritanism is what?
Definition
Political theory
Religious doctrine
Term
What was unique about Connecticut's religion-based laws?
Definition
No death penalties were carried out.
Term
What is the difference between a civil association and a political association?
A civil association is: _____________

A political association is: _____________
Definition
serving; self-interested
Term
What prohibits absolute tyranny of the majority in America, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
The mores
Term
Which of the following is an influence on Americans' desire for universal suffrage?
Definition
Passion for equality
Term
Which of the following is not an effect of the American laws of inheritance?
Definition
Increase in crime
Term
What happens when equality of partition is established?
Definition
Goods and land fortunes will begin to diminish.
Term
What law made equality take its last step, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Estate law
Term
In primogeniture cultures, where does family spirit reside?
Definition
The land
Term
In the admirable position of the new world, who is man's enemy, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Himself
Term
According to Tocqueville, family spirit is often founded on ____________.
Definition
An illusion of individual selfishness
Term
According to Tocqueville, dogma leads people to:
Definition
accept without thinking
have a common idea
eliminate doubt
Term
Tocqueville reflected in 1835 that Americans had become more sympathetic and gentle, but this did not extend to ____________.
Definition
Slavery
Term
What (holdover of the English system) do those American who break the laws face, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Prison and bail
Term
How did Tocqueville feel about America?
Definition
He felt they were too self-focused.
Term
What do Americans love more than freedom, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Equality
Term
In countries where legislation establishes equality of partition, what happens to territorial fortunes?
Definition
They tend to diminish
Term
According to Tocqueville, who makes the laws in America?
Definition
The poor
Term
According to Tocqueville, what is the result of a materialistic culture?
Definition
There is little leisure time.
We want laissez-faire government.
Term
According to Tocqueville, why do people hold to equality?
Definition
Because they believe it will last forever
Term
According to Tocqueville, what would make a writer unsuccessful in America?
Definition
If he or she didn't stay within the majority's preference.
Term
According to Tocqueville, which of the following is false about freedom and equality?
Definition
Perfect equality allows free expression in art and literature.
Term
According to Tocqueville, which of the following lead(s) to anarchy?
Definition
Arbitrary power
Loss of freedom
Term
What context do moralists and philosophers face in America?
Definition
They can exercise freedom of speech, but only if it speaks in favor of the nation.
Term
Where does power lie when power is arbitrary?
Definition
Majority
Term
Anarchy can be the result of what?
Definition
Too much freedom
Term
According to Tocqueville, what affects the literary voice of the populace?
Definition
The rule of the majority
Term
Who censors and filters the media in America, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Community
Term
How has America come close to the completest possible form for equality, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Women are allowed to vote.
Minorities are allowed to vote.
18-year-olds are allowed to vote.
Term
How does the physical and moral authority of the majority affect the community, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Literacy geniuses, moralists, and philosophers are influenced by the majority, and they put in place certain boundaries.
Term
What are the implications of the physical and moral authority of the majority, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Community has the power to censor ideas.
It forces philosophers to put their community in a positive context.

It bounds literary works to the desire of the community.
Term
According to Tocqueville, Americans would prefer to be:
Definition
All equals even if it entails no freedoms
Term
According to Tocqueville, what is the one exception to America's love for equality?
Definition
Slavery
Term
Tocqueville suggests that Americans will always value _____ over freedom.
Definition
Equality
Term
According to Tocqueville, democratic nations will be inclined to which of the following?
Definition
More sympathy towards other countries
More gentle punishment
Strive for equality
Term
The Gini Index measures ______________ on a scale across countries.
Definition
Distribution of income
Term
Why were slaves treated the worst in the United States, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Lack of sympathy from elite
Term
When does Tocqueville say "real sympathy" exists?
Definition
When all people are equal
Term
According to Tocqueville, why is freedom not the same as equality in America?
Definition
Because we value equality over freedom
Term
In democracy, what is an invisible power?
Definition
Thought
Term
The impact of equality, according to Tocqueville, is _____________.
Definition
Sympathy
Term
What do the American people want most, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Equality
Term
What kind of power does the majority have in America, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Both physical and moral
Term
Who possesses both physical and moral authority, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
The majority
Term
Tocqueville explains that class differences arise in aristocracies, thus creating an increasing lack of ______ towards other classes and the people within them.
Definition
Sympathy
Term
According to Tocqueville, how can freedom be lost in America?
Definition
The minority becomes desperate and revolts against the majority, causing anarchy
Term
How can freedom be lost in America, according to Tocqueville?
Definition
Minorities driven to desperation thus causing them to revolt, leading to anarchy
Term
What are the two revolutions suggested by Riesman in The Lonely Crowd?
Definition
high population growth and incipient population decline
Term
What is the Democratic Peace Theory?
Definition
Democratic states do not fight one another as they share common values.
Term
According to Reisman, in what does America not hold value?
Definition
Peace
Term
Which of these was not a government intervention that brought about American economic prosperity, according to Riesman?
Definition
International trade
Term
What is the difference between negative rights and positive rights, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Negative rights limit government infringement on civil liberities, and positive rights allow government to step in to ensure equality.
Term
What defines American Messianism?
Definition
Our "moral duty" to make the rest of the world look like us
An American ideal that we are a chosen nation by God, placed here to "save the rest of the world."
Term
What does The Good Society suggest should be the US's guiding principles in spreading democracy within international relations?
Definition
Freedom, Human Dignity, Justice
Term
According to Bellah et al., the problem of a multi-cultural world is:
Definition
Disparities between rich and poor nations
Term
To what will the moral and rational individualism lead, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Not the common good
Term
What is Lockean in America, according to The Good Society?
Definition
Ideology
Term
According to Bellah et. al, on what should elections be centered?
Definition
Political parties
Term
According to Bellah et al., what are the two origins of individualism?
Definition
morality and utilitarianism
Term
Why can't civic organizations contribute to public ethos, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
They are private.
Term
According to Bellah et al., what is the present impass?
Definition
A most Lockean political culture with a most un-Lockean economy and government
Term
What is the only reason, in Bellah et al.'s thoughts, for America to become involved in foreign affairs?
Definition
To promote universal values
Term
What is the attitude of the American polity today, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Weak at home; strong abroad
Term
Which of the following is a sign of political instability, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Candidates focused on private interests
Term
According to The Good Society, what happens when patriotism is overlayed on faith?
Definition
Acts are done for victory, rather than service
Term
What changed the American mindset of citizenship being based upon privileges to citizenship being based upon rights?
Definition
Loans
Subsidies
Collective bargaining
Term
Due to the confidence in democratic affluence post WWII, of what did the home become a symbol?
Definition
Aspiration
Achievement
Term
What is American Messianism?
Definition
Americans are God's chosen people.
Term
According to Bellah, et al., how are civil liberties "negative rights"?
Definition
They serve as protection from government.
Term
Which one of these did not contribute to the rise of the "American Century," according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Airplanes
Term
What is the global predicament, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
We need to eliminate egoism.
We need to change our approach.
We need to be more understanding.
We need to change our definition of justice.
Term
To whom do we turn to answer moral dilemmas, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Supreme Court
Term
According to Bellah et al., what do Americans value?
Definition
Human dignity
Term
What are the two types of individualism that we value?
Definition
Morality and rationalism
Term
To what does Bellah et al. say the United States' present impasse is due?
Definition
A Lockean culture and anti-Lockean government
Term
Which of the following are leading causes of change, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
Cars
Interstates
Shopping malls
Suburbs
Term
Riesman states that change in society is due to shifts in conformity and revolution, so inevitably we would become:
Definition
A society in which we will look into ouselves and act with virtue and moral fortitude, and through this, society will be improved due to everybody's self-improvement.
Term
In The Lonely Crowd, Riesman describes tradition-directed societies as:
Definition
Learning through adaptation
Term
In the Good Society, the authors describe modern societal values as formed by what physical and social changes in America?
Definition
Inventions such as the mall, highways, suburbs, malls, and cars
Term
In The Lonely Crowd, what type of economy is similar to tradition-directed society?
Definition
Primary
Term
In the 'other-directed' society, what motivates action?
Definition
Anxiety
Term
What causes citizens to live in an other-directed society?
Definition
Anxiety
Term
Which of the following are characteristic of the inner-directed society?
Definition
Social mobility
Goals implanted in early life by parents
Minimal individuality is encouraged.
Goals are generalized and abstractly defined
Term
Which is true of parenting in other-directed culture?
Definition
It develops the nuances of a child's personality.
Term
Which of the following was not named one of the four major influences on modern American culture, in The Good Society?
Definition
Disney Land
Term
Which of the following would Bellah et al. deem a true statement?
Definition
There has been a shift from civic to claimant politics.
Term
What is Riesman's thesis for Chapter 1 Character and Society
Definition
Each of the three distinct phases on the population curve appears to be occupied by a society that enforces conformity and molds social character in a defineably different way.
Term
Which of the following are considered human agents to character formation by Riesman?
Definition
The parents, the teachers, and the members of the peer group, the storytellers
Term
Bellah et al. suggest that for the American polity today, everything is in the terms of _______.
Definition
Rights
Term
What are the two types of individualism?
Definition
Morality and Utilitarian
Term
According to Bellah, et al., what does the family need most?
Definition
Attention
Term
Many working mothers go home and take care of the children and other household responsibilities. Bellah et al. describe this as ______________.
Definition
Sexism
Term
What do people do when they have moral questions, according to Bellah et al.?
Definition
They search for an answer from a higher authority.
Term
What is American Messianism?
Definition
We are God's chosen people.
Term
Which of the following reforms to the political system must be made, according to the authors of The Good Society?
Definition
Campaign Finance Reform
Equal Attention for All Candidates
Partisan Voting Model
Term
Different societies take action for various reasons. What are the reasons for inner, traditional, and other directed, respectively?
Definition
guilt, shame, anxiety
Term
Which of these motivating factors has NOT been a reason for our actions as Americans over the years?
Definition
remorse
Term
In the Lonely Crowd, what is the correct sequence of social character through which societies move?
Definition
tradition-directedness, inner-directedness, other-directedness
Term
According to Bellah et al., what is the greatest challenge facing American in the coming future?
Definition
participating in international organizations
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