Term
| First organ system to be investigated in utero. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First structure of the CNS seen by ultrasound. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The only organ system that continues to develop throughout gestation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lack of knowledge in the development of the CNS will result in: |
|
Definition
| overcalling pathology and missing defects all together |
|
|
Term
| Cystic single ventricle seen 7 wks LMP; appears to have very little surrounding brain tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rhombencephalon is the precursor to which section of brain development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prosencephalon is the precursor to which section of brain development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age LMP is the midline falx anf the choroid plexus seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the cranium begin to ossify? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When and how can the best diagnosis of acrania be made? |
|
Definition
| 12 weeks LMP transvaginally |
|
|
Term
| Nuchal translucency is highly associated with which trisomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior/lateral accumulation of subcutaneous fluid due to back-up of lymphatic system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which aneuploidies are associated with cystic hygromas? |
|
Definition
| Turner's syndrome and Down's (trisomy 21) |
|
|
Term
| Absence of a sex chromosome, usually in female fetuses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do babies with Turner's Syndrome usually survive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age LMP does choroid plexus seem to fill the cranium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spaces that house cerebral spinal fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Midline space bound by corpus callosum that houses CSF. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structure that connects two hemispheres of the cerebellum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cisterna magna and the lateral ventricles should have what measurement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can the CSP first be visualized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure separates cerebellum from the upper brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lateral ventricle should be measured and why? |
|
Definition
| The one furthest from the transducer because of near field reverberation |
|
|
Term
| Edge of the choroid plexus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can you start measuring the atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosed when a ventricle is greater than 10 mm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosed when a venticle measures greater than 15 mm (aka severe ventriculomegaly). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of ventriculomegaly is caused by agenesis of part of the brain or underdevelopment of a structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of ventriculomegaly is caused by a pathology obstructing the CNS system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of ventriculomegaly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narrowing or occlusion between the 3rd and 4th ventricles at the level of the aqueduct of Sylvius (aka aqueductal obstruction). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best diagnostic clue for aqueductal stenosis. |
|
Definition
| hydrocephalus with normal posterior fossa |
|
|
Term
| When do choroid plexus cysts typically resolve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Choroid plexus cysts are soft chromosomal markers for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A tear-drop shaped ventricle and failure to see the CSP are clues to what pathology? |
|
Definition
| agenesis of the corpus callosum |
|
|
Term
| Which artery wraps around the corpus callosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can a nuchal fold measurement be taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The size of the cerebellum should equal what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name for the wrinkles of the cerebellum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nuchal fold greater than or equal to _______ is a chromosomal marker for _______. |
|
Definition
| 6 mm; trisomy 21 (Down's) |
|
|
Term
| What is the max nuchal fold measurement in an AMA patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for spina bifida. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the cerebellum in a baby with spina bifida? |
|
Definition
| The defects tugs and pulls the brain downward; the cerebellum fills the cisterna magna and loses its peanut shape |
|
|
Term
| Most common area for spina bifida. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptomatic herniation of the hindbrain, 100% assoicated with ONTD. |
|
Definition
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation |
|
|
Term
| Dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle. |
|
Definition
| Dandy-Walker Malformation |
|
|
Term
| Sonographic appearance of Dandy-Walker Malformation. |
|
Definition
| vermis formation variable, communication of the 4th ventricle with PF cyst or CM, enlarged CM |
|
|
Term
| What is a mega cisterna magna? |
|
Definition
| enlarged CM, but vermis is intact |
|
|
Term
| Infarct or hemorrhage into brain parenchyma resulting in cystic resolution; may communicate with ventricular system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clefting through the cerebral hemisphere resulting in free communication between the ventricular system and arachnoid space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rare, solid tumor of the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of the prosencephalon to divide properly, resulting in a single lobe brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common chromosomal association of HPE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is trisomy 13 compatible with life? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most pronounced form of HPE. Single ventricle with fissure, falx, and CC totally absent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of HPE with two interhemispheres partially separated yet single ventricle cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of HPE that is mild; interhemisphere fissure well developed yet there is fusion of the ventricles with absence of CSP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When eye spacing is too close. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When eye spacing is too far apart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only aneurysm of the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absence of crainal vault and varying amounts of supertentorial brain. No neural tissue present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what gender is anencephaly 5x more common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absent calvarium above the orbits with exposed brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are encephaloceles, cephaloceles, or cranial meningoceles? |
|
Definition
| herniation of cranial structures through skull defect |
|
|
Term
| Encephaloceles, cephaloceles, or cranial meningoceles are mostly seen where and with what syndrome? |
|
Definition
| occipital region; Meckel-Gruber syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What trisomy has a strawberry head shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lacking calcification showing brain parenchyma too well. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for recessed chin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent protruding forehead |
|
|
Term
| Condition in which frontal bone is sloped, not prominent enough. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which artery feeds the lens of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of head shape has an increased BPD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of head shape has an decreased BPD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overlapping of the fetal skull bones and sutures which strongly suggests fetal demise. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complete destruction of cerebral hemispheres; occurs when hemispheres are replaced with CSF in a normally developed skull. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cyst does not communicate with the ventricular system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CSF collection enclosed within the layers of the arachnoid membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does CSF made in the choroid plexus flow through the brain? |
|
Definition
| lateral ventricles > foramen of Monro > 3rd ventricle > aqueduct of Sylvius > 4th ventricle > foramen of Magendie and foramina of Luschka > subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| TORCH exposure leads to what in the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
