Term
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Definition
Infection or abscess at DIP joint, Secondary to contusions/lacerations, infection of fingertip pad.
S&S: red, swollen, tender, warm, DIP
Treatment: anti-bac. soap soaks, oral anti-biotics, refer to physcian |
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Term
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Definition
Nail Infection. MOI: bacteria enters skin
S&S: swelling, redness, pus, pain
Treatment: anti-bac. soap soaks, oral antibiotics, pus pocket has formed, it may need to be drained |
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Term
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Definition
Bleeding under nail. MOI: direct blow, slamming finger in door, dropping heavy objects on toe
S&S: pain due to pressure, lumina-nail will fall off
Treatment: Ice, Elevation, NAIDS, Soap Soaks |
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Term
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Definition
Ulnar never, common in cyclist's, pressure on nerve.
S&S: numbness, pins and needles, decrease in grip strength, pain
Treatment: wear padded gloves, wrist/forearm splints, distribute weight evenly |
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Term
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Definition
Increased pressure on ulnar nerve, susceptible to pressure: little padding.
S&S: weakness, numbness/tingling in ring or little finger, difficult to hold objects or pinching fingers together
Treatment: padding over nerve, anit-inflammatory meds., temporary wrist splint |
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Term
| Anterior Interosseus Nerve Syndrome |
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Definition
Compression or inflammation of anterior interosseus nerve in forearm
S&S: Forearm pain, trouble grasping objects, numbness should not occur, location predisposed it to compression
Treatment: PT and NSAIDS reduce swelling, increase muscle strength, surgery, improve motor strength
*Unable to flex their thumb/index finer at DIP joint* |
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Term
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Definition
Compression by extensor muscles of radial nerve running posteriorly.
S&S: similar to lateral epicondylitis, pain/numbness on posterior hand, increased with pronation.
Treatment: Steriod injections to decrease pain, nerve decompression surgery |
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Term
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Definition
Stenosing Tenosynovitis- Inflammation of tendon sheath affects flexor tenon.
S&S: Resistance to re-extend, tenderness, lump at base of flexor tendon sheath
Treatment: Immbolization, Rest, Cryotherapy, NSAIDS, Ultrasound, Steroid Injections to decrease pain |
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Term
| Pseudoboutonnierre Deformity |
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Definition
Similar to Swan Neck. Distal tear of Volar Plate from middle phalanx, avulsion of volar plate
S&S: Pain, swelling, tenderness, hyperextension
Treatment: RICE, analgestics, splinting 20-30 degrees of flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Rupture of extensor tendon, dorsal.
*DIP extend, PIP flex*
S&S: pain, swelling, inability to extend DIP
Treatment: splint middle finger using oval-8 splint in extension. |
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Term
| DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis |
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Definition
"Hoffman's Disease"- in thumb-tunnel contracted from inflammation of synovial lining. Tendons: extensor/abductor.
S&S: aching pain hand/forearm, positive Finkelstein's Test, PT, Weakness with thumb extension/abduction, painful snapping
Treatment: Immbolize, rest, cryotherapy, NSAIDS, Ultrasound, Ice massage |
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Term
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Definition
Most common injury at wrist, falling on hyperextended wrist, repeated= blood supply to carpals
S&S: Pain, swelling, difficulty moving wrist, tenderness, limited ROM
Treatment: X-ray, PRICEM, splinting, taping, hand-strengthening exercises |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: hyperextension of PIP joint, seen in sports like basketball
S&S: swelling, loss of function, could be subluxation of joint, swan neck deformity, pain on palpation
Treatment: PRICEM, passive hyperextension test-->compare to non-injured PIP joint, Refer to orthopedist, X-ray for possible avulsion fracture. |
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Term
| Interphalangeal Collateral Ligament Sprain |
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Definition
MOI: excessive valgus or varus stresses, could happen from "jamming fingers"
S&S: point tenderness over ligaments, swelling, inflammation, could be bruising, possible deformity
Treatment: PRICEM, perform valgus/varus stress tests. possible bracing/buddy tape, need referral |
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Term
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Definition
Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Affects ring finger, inability to flex DIP joint.
MOI: Athlete grabs abother jersey, Finger forced into extension when finger is trying to flex. Acceleration increased- flexor being damaged.
S&S: Pain, minimal swelling, increased pain during flexion, unable to flex DIP joint.
Treatment: Surgical reattachment |
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Term
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Definition
*Caused by injury to tendon or ulnar nerve*
MOI: Repeated friction or compression over nerve during bowling, ulnar nerve goes into hook of hamate and branches to that thumb area.
S&S: Tingling to tip of thumb, small tendor nodule, numbness, wasting of the skin
Treatment: rest, splint for protextion, prevent by widening the thumb, changing technique. |
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Term
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Definition
Insufficiency of UCL of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) of the thumb. Common in skiers, FB players, and basketball players.
MOI: FOOSH or valgus force on the thumb. Limits the opposition of the thumb and decreases grip strength.
S&S: Pain along ulnar aspect of MCP joint, hinders ability to forefully pinch or grasp smaller objects, swelling, ecchymosis, PT over the UCL, Pain and strength deficit during opposition.
Treatment: Depends on severity, incomplete- thumb spica splint. complete-surgery within 3 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Avulsion or rupture of an extensor tendon; inablity to fully extend the distal phalynx.
MOI: DIP is forced into flexion. Common when the fingertip is struck with a ball.
S&S: pain at distal phalynx at 25-25 degrees of flexion, inablity to extend the distal phalynx actively, slightly swollen and red.
Treatment: Ice to reduce swelling, splint finger in extension,tendon can be stitched,
S&S: |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: Volar plate is avulsed from the head of the first metacarpal, most common in thumb, a shearing or twisting force causing excessive extension and abduction.
S&S: pain, swelling, stiffness at MCP, Proximal phalanx is dorsally angualted to 60-90 degrees, no AROM, deformity
Treatment:RICE, splinting, analgesics, refer to physician, reduce injury and buddy tape |
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Term
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Definition
Two types: palmar and dorsal
MOI: twist of finger while its semi flexed
S&S: pain, swelling , tenderness over PIP joint mostly on dorsal side, angular or rotational deformity
Treatment: RICE, splinting, and analgesics, refer to physician, reduction, splinted in full extension |
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Term
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Definition
High rates of occurrence
MOI: hyperextension that produces a disruption of the volar plate
S&S: pain and swelling over PIP joint, avulsion, deformity
Treatment: RICE, splinting, analgesics, refer to physician, splinted in flexion, buddy tape |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: dorsal dislocation, occurs from a ball striking the tip of a finger
S&S: pain, tenderness, swelling over DIP joint, deformity
Treatment: RICE, swelling, splinting, analgesics, refer to physician, splinted in 20-30 degrees flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Most frequently fractured of the carpal bones
MOI: FOOSH-compresses the scaphoid bone between the radius and second row of carpal bones, mistaken for sprain
S&S: swelling, severe point tenderness in anatomic snuff box, pain exerted on long axis of thumb
Treatment: Ice, splint the area, refer for x-ray, cast for 6 weeks, strengthening exercises and protective taping. |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: FOOSH, more commonly occurs from contact while athlete holds a rackets, bat or stick, fracture of hamate or hook
S&S: wrist pain, weakness, point tenderness, pull of the muscular attachments cause nonunion
Treatment: Casting of wrist, hook of hamate can be protects by donut pad |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: FOOSH with forcible palmar flexion or violent extension, sudden resistance against twisting motions of the wrist
S&S: pain, swelling, tenderness, restricted movement
Treatment: RICE, wrist support, cast, physiotherapeutic measures |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: direct axial force or a compressive force
S&S: pain, swelling, may appear to be an angularor rotational deformity
Treatment: RICE, analgesics, X-ray, splinting |
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Term
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Definition
Distal: MOI- crushing force
Middle: MOI- direct trauma or twist
Proximal: MOI- spiral or angular
*Most common in the hand*
S&S: pain, swelling, point tenderness, deformity
Treatment: RICE, analgesics, splint |
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Term
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Definition
Compression of median nerve
S&S: pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist radiating up the arm, pain at night or in the morning, may feel the need to "shake out" their hand, decreased grip strength
Causes: Hypothyroidism, arthritis, diabetes, trauma, or repetitive movement such as typing. |
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Term
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Definition
Tendons unable to stand the stress that is being placed. Tissues tear away from the bone or bones that they are attached to. Similar to shin spints
MOI: Overuse, gymnasts
S&S: Sharp pain in forearm (Increased with flexion/extension), decreased strength.
Treatment: Ice, elevation, compression, stop physical activities, strengthen muscles in the forearm |
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Term
| Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injury |
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Definition
MOI: Direct blow to medial side of wrist, FOOSH, Positive ulnar variance- congenital
S&S: clicking or catching on the ulnar side of the wrist, pain along ulnar side of wrist, decreased wrist motion, possible swelling
Treatment: Splint or cast, ice, MRI, Anti-inflammatory med., rehab exercises, injection of cortisone |
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Term
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Definition
Benign collection of thick fluid within tendonious sheath or joint capsule
MOI: overuse of repeated movements in the wrist, associated with rheumatoid arthritis
S&S: Pain with motion of wrist, tender to touch, may be asymptomatic
Treatment: Rest, splinting of affected joint, aspiration of the cyst |
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Term
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Definition
Most common forearm fracture, involves lower end of radius
MOI: FOOSH, forcing of the radius backward and upward (hyperextension), DORSALLY displaced
Smith (Palmar)
S&S:Profuse bleeding along with extravasated fluid cause swelling in the wrist, tendons may be torn or avulsed, possible median nerve damage
Treatment: apply cold compresses, splint wrist, limb in the sling, refer to physician for X-ray |
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Term
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Definition
Fracture of the 5th metacarpal
MOI: compressive force, most commonly after an improperly thrown punch
S&S: Pain, point tenderness, swelling, deformity, depressed 5th MCP joint, crepitus from bony fragments, overlapping bone fragments on x-ray
Treatment: PRICEM, refer to physician, cast, open reduction with internal fixation to assit proper healing |
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Term
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Definition
An intraarticular fracture with dislocation of the radial carpal joint
MOI: falling on the back of the hand
Treatment: PRICEM, refer, x-ray, splint/cast
*in children and youth potential epiphyseal fracture |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: fractures of the base of the 5th meracarpal that extend into the articular surface, fall on the thumb or direct blow to the thumb, common in football, rugby
S&S: Severe pain at the thumb, swelling at the thumb and wrist, instability of the thumb joint
Treatment: require internal fixation of the bony fracture |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: Osteochondritis or slow degeneration of the lunate bone, repeated trauma to the lunate, loss of: ulnar deviation id goes untreated
S&S: pain during passive extension of the 3rd finger, decreased grip strength, weakness during wrist extension
Treatment: immbolization of wrist for 3 weeks, common to see progression for a year, referto surgeon |
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Term
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Definition
MOI: high-energy forced hyperextension of the wrist and hand, FOOSH, weight lifting and football, displaces dorsally or palmarly
S&S: semi-flexed fingers, swelling, PT, crepitus, paresthesia of the middle finger, fracture of scaphoid bone
Treatment: Refer to othopedist, first 3 weeks= reduction |
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Term
| Distal Radial Ulnar Dislocations |
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Definition
MOI: "Dislocated Wrist", indirect or direct trauma or forced hypersupination or hyperpronation of the forearm
S&S: Pain on rotation, loss of function, deformity, swelling, PT, increased prominence of the ulnar head, narrow wrist
Treatment: refer to orthopedist, X-ray for possible fracture |
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