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| Humbold'ts notion that in a particular locale or region, intimate connections exist among geography and development of human culture. foundation for modern geography |
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| high elevation plateau, basin or valley |
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| one society taking land from another |
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| catholic idea in 1950s think that Christ on quest to liberate masses from oppression |
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| society in which 2+ populations, live adjacent to each other withouit mixing inside a single state |
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| existing on minimum necessities to sustain life |
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| notion that economic development varies spatially (core-periphery relationships) |
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| dominant migration from countryside to city |
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| metropolis containing population > 10 million |
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| Latin American City Model |
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| griffin-ford model of intraurban spatial structure. CBD center, middle-lower inside, poor outside. |
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| unlicensed sellers of homemade goods and services |
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| neighborhood. urban community |
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| originating in South America, new way of thinking. underdeveloped nations due to rich nations feeding off them. |
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| territorial embodiment of successful guerrilla movement. insurgent territory within state |
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| country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails |
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| turbulent and chaotic area in south America around Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay. Lawlessness pervades haven for criminal elements and links to to terrorist organizations |
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| state territory that is long and narrow |
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| country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries |
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| acronym for biggest emerging national markets: Brazil, Russia, India, China |
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| periodic, large scale warming of the sea in Eastern Pacific Ocean disturbing normal weather patterns |
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| capital city positioned in actual/potential contested territory near international border, confirming determation to maintain presence in region |
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| capital city positioned in actual/potential contested territory near international border, confirming determation to maintain presence in region |
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| regional term referring to fertile savannas of Brazil's interior central-west that makes it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. soybean and corn leading crops due to inadequate transport links to outside world |
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| regional term referring to fertile savannas of Brazil's interior central-west that makes it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. soybean and corn leading crops due to inadequate transport links to outside world |
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| urban center with attributed that if invested will stimulate regional economic development in hinterland |
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| urban center with attributed that if invested will stimulate regional economic development in hinterland |
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| long term biological maturation of humanity. east Africa source of humankind |
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| long term biological maturation of humanity. east Africa source of humankind |
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| trough/trengh that forms when thinning strip of earth sinks between parallel faults |
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| trough/trengh that forms when thinning strip of earth sinks between parallel faults |
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| slow movement of continents controlled by processes associated with plate tectonis |
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| slow movement of continents controlled by processes associated with plate tectonis |
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| way people occupy, own, use land |
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| way people occupy, own, use land |
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| rule by autonomous power over subordinate state. creates unequal cultural and economic relations. |
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| rule by autonomous power over subordinate state. creates unequal cultural and economic relations. |
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| one society or group taking land from another |
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| one society or group taking land from another |
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| successful development of higher yield faster growing plants |
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| successful development of higher yield faster growing plants |
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| study of health and diseases within geographic context and spatial perspective |
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| study of health and diseases within geographic context and spatial perspective |
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| disease in host affects many people in equilibrium w/o killing |
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| disease in host affects many people in equilibrium w/o killing |
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| local/regional outbreak of disease |
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| local/regional outbreak of disease |
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| worldwide outbreak of disease |
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| worldwide outbreak of disease |
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| society marked by mosaic of local languages, creates centrifugal force |
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| society marked by mosaic of local languages, creates centrifugal force |
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| total activities of country's legal economy that is taxed and monitored by the government |
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| total activities of country's legal economy that is taxed and monitored by the government |
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| Afrikaans term for SA racial separation |
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| Afrikaans term for SA racial separation |
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| bounded piece of territory that is within land of another state |
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| bounded piece of territory that is within land of another state |
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| interior state without coasts. disadvantage to international trade routes |
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| interior state without coasts. disadvantage to international trade routes |
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| strict criminal code based in Islamic law. associated with revival of Muslim societies |
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| strict criminal code based in Islamic law. associated with revival of Muslim societies |
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| state that is surrounde by another political unit of which it is not a part of. |
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| state that is surrounde by another political unit of which it is not a part of. |
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| village market open at regular interval. part of preindustrial regional network |
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| village market open at regular interval. part of preindustrial regional network |
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| southern border of Africa transition zone that marks religious frontier of muslim faith |
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| southern border of Africa transition zone that marks religious frontier of muslim faith |
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| narrowing of international waterway causing marine traffic congestion, requiring reduced speeds |
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| narrowing of international waterway causing marine traffic congestion, requiring reduced speeds |
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| country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails |
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| country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails |
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| wide ranging and comprehensive field of geography |
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| wide ranging and comprehensive field of geography |
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| innovation center, place of origin of major culture |
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| innovation center, place of origin of major culture |
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| forms and artifacts sequentially palced on natural landscape by activities of human occupants |
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| forms and artifacts sequentially palced on natural landscape by activities of human occupants |
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| process of adopting and spreading cultural element from origin |
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| process of adopting and spreading cultural element from origin |
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| theory that cities which managed control irrigated farming over hinterlands held political power over other cities |
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| theory that cities which managed control irrigated farming over hinterlands held political power over other cities |
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| changing climate provided certain cities within fertile crescent with advantages |
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| changing climate provided certain cities within fertile crescent with advantages |
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| the spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element |
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| the spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element |
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| spreading of an innovation or an idea through a fixed population by travel |
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| spreading of an innovation or an idea through a fixed population by travel |
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| sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas |
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| sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas |
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| distance-controlled spreading by contact from person to person |
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| distance-controlled spreading by contact from person to person |
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| form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spread by trickling down from larger to smaller adoption units |
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| form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spread by trickling down from larger to smaller adoption units |
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| introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion. |
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| introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion. |
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| state whose territory consists of several separated parts, not a contiguous whole, the individual parts may be isolated from each other by the land area of other states or by international waters |
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| state whose territory consists of several separated parts, not a contiguous whole, the individual parts may be isolated from each other by the land area of other states or by international waters |
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| purpose was to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, and humanitarian problems |
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| purpose was to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, and humanitarian problems |
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| religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith and to influence stat policy |
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| religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith and to influence stat policy |
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| . Commonly translated as holy war, it entails a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards prescribed by the Koran |
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| . Commonly translated as holy war, it entails a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards prescribed by the Koran |
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| Sunni Muslim revivalism. strict fundamentalist nature of their beliefs |
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| Sunni Muslim revivalism. strict fundamentalist nature of their beliefs |
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| political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, triggering a chain of events |
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| political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, triggering a chain of events |
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| regenerations of a long formant culture through internal renewal and external infusion. |
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| regenerations of a long formant culture through internal renewal and external infusion. |
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| this involves a multi-party democracy that has a place for, but is not dominated by, Islamic political parties |
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| this involves a multi-party democracy that has a place for, but is not dominated by, Islamic political parties |
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| relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic precipitation, wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands |
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| relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic precipitation, wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands |
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| state in which the government exercises totalitarian control over the political, social, and economic life of its citizens |
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| state in which the government exercises totalitarian control over the political, social, and economic life of its citizens |
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| an under-ground tunnel built to carry irrigation water by gravity flow from surrounding mountains |
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| an under-ground tunnel built to carry irrigation water by gravity flow from surrounding mountains |
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| the term means students or seekers of religion. Specifically, refers to the islamist militia group that emerged from madrassas in Pakistan and ruled neighboring Afghanistan |
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| the term means students or seekers of religion. Specifically, refers to the islamist militia group that emerged from madrassas in Pakistan and ruled neighboring Afghanistan |
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| the seasonal reversal of wind and moisture flow in certain parts of the subtropics and lower-middle latitudes |
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| , the population is divided into a hierarchy of social classes. the caste system |
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| major world language family that dominates the European geographic realm |
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| language family indigenous to the south Asian realm that dominates southern India today |
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| people who have been dislocated involuntarily from their original place of settlement |
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| the number of people per unit area of arable land |
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| south Asia’s combined delta formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, all of Bangladesh lies on these enormous deltaic plain, which also encompasses surrounding parts of eastern IndiaNatural hazards abound here as well, ranging from the flooding caused by excessive monsoonal rains to the intermittent storm surges of powerful cyclones (hurricanes) that come from the Bay of Bengal to the south |
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| strict social stratification and segregation of people – specifically in India’s Hindu society – on the basis of ancestry and occupation. |
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| turning over the partial or complete production of a good or service to another party, in economic geography, this usually refers to a company arranging to have its products manufactured in a foreign country where labor and other costs are significantly lower than in the home country (which experiences a commensurate loss in jobs). |
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| Hinduness” as expressed through Hindu nationalism, Hindu heritage, and/or Hindu patriotism. The cornerstone of a fundamentalist movement that has been gaining strength since the late twentieth century that seeks to remake India as a society dominated by Hindu principles prevail |
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| persistent stress among a country’s sociocultural groups that can often erupt into communal violence |
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| indicator showing the ratio of males to females in a given population. |
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| graphic representation of profile of a national population according to age and gender. Such a diagram of age-sex structure typically displays the percentage of each age group (commonly in five-year increments) as a horizontal bar, whose length represents its relationship to the total population |
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| proportion of a national population that is either too old or too young to be productive and that must be cared for by the productive population |
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| average number of children born in a woman’s life time in a nation |
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| multi stage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; birth and death rates then converge at a low overall level |
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| the number of people per unit area. Also see arithmetic density and physiologic density measures. |
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| field of geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of demography and the influence of demographic change on particular countries and regions. |
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| national or regional development strategy based on the privatization of state-run companies, lowering of international trade tariffs, reduction of government subsidies, cutting of corporate taxes, and overall deregulation to business activity. |
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| international economics refers to an agreement between trading partners that stipulates the quantity of imports that can be purchased by one country through the sale of a fixed quantity of exports to the other. |
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