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EV365 WPR 2 Vocab
AY2-2014
141
Geography
Undergraduate 3
03/30/2014

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Term
unity of place
Definition
Humbold'ts notion that in a particular locale or region, intimate connections exist among geography and development of human culture. foundation for modern geography
Term
altiplano
Definition
high elevation plateau, basin or valley
Term
land alienation
Definition
one society taking land from another
Term
liberation theology
Definition
catholic idea in 1950s think that Christ on quest to liberate masses from oppression
Term
plural society
Definition
society in which 2+ populations, live adjacent to each other withouit mixing inside a single state
Term
commercial agriculture
Definition
FOR PROFIT agriculture
Term
subsistence agriculture
Definition
existing on minimum necessities to sustain life
Term
uneven development
Definition
notion that economic development varies spatially (core-periphery relationships)
Term
rural-to-urban migration
Definition
dominant migration from countryside to city
Term
megacity
Definition
metropolis containing population > 10 million
Term
Latin American City Model
Definition
griffin-ford model of intraurban spatial structure. CBD center, middle-lower inside, poor outside.
Term
informal sector
Definition
unlicensed sellers of homemade goods and services
Term
Barrio (favela)
Definition
neighborhood. urban community
Term
dependencia theory
Definition
originating in South America, new way of thinking. underdeveloped nations due to rich nations feeding off them.
Term
insurgent state
Definition
territorial embodiment of successful guerrilla movement. insurgent territory within state
Term
failed state
Definition
country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails
Term
triple frontier
Definition
turbulent and chaotic area in south America around Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay. Lawlessness pervades haven for criminal elements and links to to terrorist organizations
Term
elongation
Definition
state territory that is long and narrow
Term
buffer state
Definition
country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries
Term
BRIC
Definition
acronym for biggest emerging national markets: Brazil, Russia, India, China
Term
El Nino
Definition
periodic, large scale warming of the sea in Eastern Pacific Ocean disturbing normal weather patterns
Term
Forward Capital
Definition
capital city positioned in actual/potential contested territory near international border, confirming determation to maintain presence in region
Term
Forward Capital
Definition
capital city positioned in actual/potential contested territory near international border, confirming determation to maintain presence in region
Term
Cerrado
Definition
regional term referring to fertile savannas of Brazil's interior central-west that makes it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. soybean and corn leading crops due to inadequate transport links to outside world
Term
Cerrado
Definition
regional term referring to fertile savannas of Brazil's interior central-west that makes it one of the world's most promising agricultural frontiers. soybean and corn leading crops due to inadequate transport links to outside world
Term
growth pole
Definition
urban center with attributed that if invested will stimulate regional economic development in hinterland
Term
growth pole
Definition
urban center with attributed that if invested will stimulate regional economic development in hinterland
Term
human evolution
Definition
long term biological maturation of humanity. east Africa source of humankind
Term
human evolution
Definition
long term biological maturation of humanity. east Africa source of humankind
Term
rift valley
Definition
trough/trengh that forms when thinning strip of earth sinks between parallel faults
Term
rift valley
Definition
trough/trengh that forms when thinning strip of earth sinks between parallel faults
Term
continental drift
Definition
slow movement of continents controlled by processes associated with plate tectonis
Term
continental drift
Definition
slow movement of continents controlled by processes associated with plate tectonis
Term
state formation
Definition
creation of state
Term
state formation
Definition
creation of state
Term
land tenure
Definition
way people occupy, own, use land
Term
land tenure
Definition
way people occupy, own, use land
Term
colonialism
Definition
rule by autonomous power over subordinate state. creates unequal cultural and economic relations.
Term
colonialism
Definition
rule by autonomous power over subordinate state. creates unequal cultural and economic relations.
Term
land alienation
Definition
one society or group taking land from another
Term
land alienation
Definition
one society or group taking land from another
Term
green revolution
Definition
successful development of higher yield faster growing plants
Term
green revolution
Definition
successful development of higher yield faster growing plants
Term
Medical geography
Definition
study of health and diseases within geographic context and spatial perspective
Term
Medical geography
Definition
study of health and diseases within geographic context and spatial perspective
Term
endemic
Definition
disease in host affects many people in equilibrium w/o killing
Term
endemic
Definition
disease in host affects many people in equilibrium w/o killing
Term
epidemic
Definition
local/regional outbreak of disease
Term
epidemic
Definition
local/regional outbreak of disease
Term
pandemic
Definition
worldwide outbreak of disease
Term
pandemic
Definition
worldwide outbreak of disease
Term
multilingualism
Definition
society marked by mosaic of local languages, creates centrifugal force
Term
multilingualism
Definition
society marked by mosaic of local languages, creates centrifugal force
Term
formal sector
Definition
total activities of country's legal economy that is taxed and monitored by the government
Term
formal sector
Definition
total activities of country's legal economy that is taxed and monitored by the government
Term
apartheid
Definition
Afrikaans term for SA racial separation
Term
apartheid
Definition
Afrikaans term for SA racial separation
Term
exclave
Definition
bounded piece of territory that is within land of another state
Term
exclave
Definition
bounded piece of territory that is within land of another state
Term
landlocked state
Definition
interior state without coasts. disadvantage to international trade routes
Term
landlocked state
Definition
interior state without coasts. disadvantage to international trade routes
Term
sharia law
Definition
strict criminal code based in Islamic law. associated with revival of Muslim societies
Term
sharia law
Definition
strict criminal code based in Islamic law. associated with revival of Muslim societies
Term
Enclave
Definition
state that is surrounde by another political unit of which it is not a part of.
Term
Enclave
Definition
state that is surrounde by another political unit of which it is not a part of.
Term
periodic market
Definition
village market open at regular interval. part of preindustrial regional network
Term
periodic market
Definition
village market open at regular interval. part of preindustrial regional network
Term
Islamic front
Definition
southern border of Africa transition zone that marks religious frontier of muslim faith
Term
Islamic front
Definition
southern border of Africa transition zone that marks religious frontier of muslim faith
Term
choke point
Definition
narrowing of international waterway causing marine traffic congestion, requiring reduced speeds
Term
choke point
Definition
narrowing of international waterway causing marine traffic congestion, requiring reduced speeds
Term
failed state
Definition
country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails
Term
failed state
Definition
country whose institutions have collapsed and anarchy prevails
Term
cultural geography
Definition
wide ranging and comprehensive field of geography
Term
cultural geography
Definition
wide ranging and comprehensive field of geography
Term
culture hearth
Definition
innovation center, place of origin of major culture
Term
culture hearth
Definition
innovation center, place of origin of major culture
Term
cultural landscape
Definition
forms and artifacts sequentially palced on natural landscape by activities of human occupants
Term
cultural landscape
Definition
forms and artifacts sequentially palced on natural landscape by activities of human occupants
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
process of adopting and spreading cultural element from origin
Term
cultural diffusion
Definition
process of adopting and spreading cultural element from origin
Term
hydraulic civilization
Definition
theory that cities which managed control irrigated farming over hinterlands held political power over other cities
Term
hydraulic civilization
Definition
theory that cities which managed control irrigated farming over hinterlands held political power over other cities
Term
climate change
Definition
changing climate provided certain cities within fertile crescent with advantages
Term
climate change
Definition
changing climate provided certain cities within fertile crescent with advantages
Term
Spatial diffusion
Definition
the spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element
Term
Spatial diffusion
Definition
the spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element
Term
Expansion diffusion
Definition
spreading of an innovation or an idea through a fixed population by travel
Term
Expansion diffusion
Definition
spreading of an innovation or an idea through a fixed population by travel
Term
Relocation diffusion
Definition
sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas
Term
Relocation diffusion
Definition
sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas
Term
Contagious diffusion
Definition
distance-controlled spreading by contact from person to person
Term
Contagious diffusion
Definition
distance-controlled spreading by contact from person to person
Term
Hierarchical diffusion
Definition
form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spread by trickling down from larger to smaller adoption units
Term
Hierarchical diffusion
Definition
form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spread by trickling down from larger to smaller adoption units
Term
Islamization
Definition
introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion.
Term
Islamization
Definition
introduction and establishment of the Muslim religion.
Term
Fragmented modernization
Definition
state whose territory consists of several separated parts, not a contiguous whole, the individual parts may be isolated from each other by the land area of other states or by international waters
Term
Fragmented modernization
Definition
state whose territory consists of several separated parts, not a contiguous whole, the individual parts may be isolated from each other by the land area of other states or by international waters
Term
League of Nations
Definition
purpose was to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, and humanitarian problems
Term
League of Nations
Definition
purpose was to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, and humanitarian problems
Term
Religious revivalism
Definition
religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith and to influence stat policy
Term
Religious revivalism
Definition
religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith and to influence stat policy
Term
Jihad
Definition
. Commonly translated as holy war, it entails a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards prescribed by the Koran
Term
Jihad
Definition
. Commonly translated as holy war, it entails a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards prescribed by the Koran
Term
Wahhabism
Definition
Sunni Muslim revivalism. strict fundamentalist nature of their beliefs
Term
Wahhabism
Definition
Sunni Muslim revivalism. strict fundamentalist nature of their beliefs
Term
Domino effect
Definition
political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, triggering a chain of events
Term
Domino effect
Definition
political destabilization in one state can result in the collapse of order in a neighboring state, triggering a chain of events
Term
Cultural revival
Definition
regenerations of a long formant culture through internal renewal and external infusion.
Term
Cultural revival
Definition
regenerations of a long formant culture through internal renewal and external infusion.
Term
Turkish model
Definition
this involves a multi-party democracy that has a place for, but is not dominated by, Islamic political parties
Term
Turkish model
Definition
this involves a multi-party democracy that has a place for, but is not dominated by, Islamic political parties
Term
Rain shadow effect
Definition
relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic precipitation, wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands
Term
Rain shadow effect
Definition
relative dryness in areas downwind of mountain ranges resulting from orographic precipitation, wherein moist air masses are forced to deposit most of their water content as they cross the highlands
Term
Police state
Definition
state in which the government exercises totalitarian control over the political, social, and economic life of its citizens
Term
Police state
Definition
state in which the government exercises totalitarian control over the political, social, and economic life of its citizens
Term
Qanat
Definition
an under-ground tunnel built to carry irrigation water by gravity flow from surrounding mountains
Term
Qanat
Definition
an under-ground tunnel built to carry irrigation water by gravity flow from surrounding mountains
Term
Taliban
Definition
the term means students or seekers of religion. Specifically, refers to the islamist militia group that emerged from madrassas in Pakistan and ruled neighboring Afghanistan
Term
Taliban
Definition
the term means students or seekers of religion. Specifically, refers to the islamist militia group that emerged from madrassas in Pakistan and ruled neighboring Afghanistan
Term
Monsoon
Definition
the seasonal reversal of wind and moisture flow in certain parts of the subtropics and lower-middle latitudes
Term
Social stratification
Definition
, the population is divided into a hierarchy of social classes. the caste system
Term
Indo-European languages
Definition
major world language family that dominates the European geographic realm
Term
Dravidian languages
Definition
language family indigenous to the south Asian realm that dominates southern India today
Term
Refugees
Definition
people who have been dislocated involuntarily from their original place of settlement
Term
Physiologic density
Definition
the number of people per unit area of arable land
Term
Double delta
Definition
south Asia’s combined delta formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, all of Bangladesh lies on these enormous deltaic plain, which also encompasses surrounding parts of eastern IndiaNatural hazards abound here as well, ranging from the flooding caused by excessive monsoonal rains to the intermittent storm surges of powerful cyclones (hurricanes) that come from the Bay of Bengal to the south
Term
Caste system
Definition
strict social stratification and segregation of people – specifically in India’s Hindu society – on the basis of ancestry and occupation.
Term
Outscoring
Definition
turning over the partial or complete production of a good or service to another party, in economic geography, this usually refers to a company arranging to have its products manufactured in a foreign country where labor and other costs are significantly lower than in the home country (which experiences a commensurate loss in jobs).
Term
Hindutuva
Definition
Hinduness” as expressed through Hindu nationalism, Hindu heritage, and/or Hindu patriotism. The cornerstone of a fundamentalist movement that has been gaining strength since the late twentieth century that seeks to remake India as a society dominated by Hindu principles prevail
Term
Communal tension
Definition
persistent stress among a country’s sociocultural groups that can often erupt into communal violence
Term
Sex ratio
Definition
indicator showing the ratio of males to females in a given population.
Term
Population pyramid
Definition
graphic representation of profile of a national population according to age and gender. Such a diagram of age-sex structure typically displays the percentage of each age group (commonly in five-year increments) as a horizontal bar, whose length represents its relationship to the total population
Term
Demographic burden
Definition
proportion of a national population that is either too old or too young to be productive and that must be cared for by the productive population
Term
Fertility rate
Definition
average number of children born in a woman’s life time in a nation
Term
Demographic transition
Definition
multi stage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; birth and death rates then converge at a low overall level
Term
Population density
Definition
the number of people per unit area. Also see arithmetic density and physiologic density measures.
Term
Population geography
Definition
field of geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of demography and the influence of demographic change on particular countries and regions.
Term
Neoliberalism
Definition
national or regional development strategy based on the privatization of state-run companies, lowering of international trade tariffs, reduction of government subsidies, cutting of corporate taxes, and overall deregulation to business activity.
Term
Terms of trade:
Definition
international economics refers to an agreement between trading partners that stipulates the quantity of imports that can be purchased by one country through the sale of a fixed quantity of exports to the other.
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