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| Dispersed authority and multiplicity of autonomous interest groups, majoritarian politics, fragile coalitions |
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| More centralized, with bigger role of state in economic social life |
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| Institutionalized arrangements allowing for representation of different organized interests, social groups, etc |
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| Pluralist Characteristics |
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Definition
political reliance on coalition formation
often done to maximize influence |
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| concentration of beauracratic power at apex of political system |
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Importance of ideas
World of States
National states evolve from autocraies to democracies
institutions and officials important
mixture of conflict and harmony
end of ideology, end of history |
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From Locke on property, wealth
Interests: base (production relations are drivers of history) vs. superstructure (epiphenomena of politics)
politics are not real forces of history
revolutionary conflict moves history upward
social classes are the chief actors
success of capitalist system leads to its failure and socialist revolution |
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Definition
Failure of world socialist system.
Illusory "victory" of liberal international system.
no "end to history", but awakening of primordial passions.
Emerging international, regional, transnational organizations.
Neo-colonialism or new medievalism.
Identity Politics: Ethnic nationalism, Gender, religion, civilizations |
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| Challenges of Development |
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Definition
Identity
Legitimacy
Penetration
Participation
Distribution |
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Values and beliefs that political elites and ordinary citizens have about politics and govt.
GB: Traditional and modern
FR: shared universal amibitions of french civilization. Pride in french prestige, cultural patrimony |
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Pre-industrial ethic.
anti-trade
anti-commerce
usury and lending viewed as exploitation.
Mutual obligations and tradition.
Christian corporate ethic condemned the lust for wealth. |
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Definition
shift in manufacture from primary dependence on human energy to dependence on inanimate energy source (steam, coal, oil).
technological innovation, use of machines, factories, specialization of labor. |
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Definition
Form of government.
guaranteed group representation
often suggested for managing conflict in deeply divided societies.
power-sharing.
Grand coalition
Mutual Veto
Proportionality
Segmental Autonomy |
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Definition
characterized by decision-making structure.
involves broad range of opinions.
different than other systems that can ignore minority opinion by majority vote. |
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political ideology.
reformist democratic socialism.
peaceful, evolutionary transition of economy to socialism through progressive social reform of capitalism |
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political ideology.
applies christian principles to public policy.
19th century Europe
conservatism
catholic social teaching |
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political party
principles of green politics
social justice, grassroots democracy, nonviolence, environmentalism |
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center - left, centrist, or center-right
support for civil rights and democratic institutions |
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center left party in UK.
one of the two main parties along with the conservative party.
Founded in 1900, overtook liberal party under Ramsay mcdonald |
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developed to regain trust from electorate.
Departure from "old Labour party".
New Labour party used to communicate party's modernization to the public |
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| parts of the United Kingdom |
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Definition
England
Scotland
Wales
N. Ireland |
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1678 England
opposed Whig-supported exclusion bill
ceased to exist in early 1760's |
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Started up again in 1800's
After losing many seats in Parliament they began to transform the Tories into the conservative party.
Eventually became the modern conservative party, with members still referred to as tories |
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Germany: Centre party - marginal
Parties that are not well represented, often part of larger parties in order to get into office |
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UK: Trade Union
organization of workers banded together to achieve labor goals. ex: higher pay, better hours, working conditions and bargains with employers to meet these goals. |
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political groups dedicated to a specific interest. Ed: environmentalism, ethics, clean water, etc.
promotes and creates advantages for its cause. |
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political operating system.
used in national legislatures and subnational legislatures of commonwealths,
Previously used by Canadian provinces, australian colonies |
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| system of govt where executive branch led by someone who is head of state and head of government. Usually the president. in this system, executive exists independent of the legislature and doesn't answer to them, but can't dismiss them |
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Definition
Term "celtic" is used to describe languages and people of Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, isle of Mann, scotland.
Fringe refers to celtic islands on western edges of the continent, also known as the celtic crescent |
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legal system used in western europe.
uses framework of roman law
core principles codified |
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framework from precedent and decisional law.
precedential authority |
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| form of government, headed by a sovereign |
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upper house - like a senate
one of two chambers of bicameral legislature |
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like an assembly, or parliament
tend to require concurrent majority |
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