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European Politics
Midterm - SUNY Albany - Mauro
34
International Studies
Undergraduate 4
03/14/2013

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Term
PLURALIST
Definition
Dispersed authority and multiplicity of autonomous interest groups, majoritarian politics, fragile coalitions
Term
Etatist
Definition
More centralized, with bigger role of state in economic social life
Term
Corporatist
Definition
Institutionalized arrangements allowing for representation of different organized interests, social groups, etc
Term
Pluralist Characteristics
Definition
political reliance on coalition formation
often done to maximize influence
Term
Etatist characteristics
Definition
concentration of beauracratic power at apex of political system
Term
Liberal approach
Definition
Importance of ideas
World of States
National states evolve from autocraies to democracies
institutions and officials important
mixture of conflict and harmony
end of ideology, end of history
Term
Marxist approach
Definition
From Locke on property, wealth
Interests: base (production relations are drivers of history) vs. superstructure (epiphenomena of politics)
politics are not real forces of history
revolutionary conflict moves history upward
social classes are the chief actors
success of capitalist system leads to its failure and socialist revolution
Term
Post-modern approach
Definition
Failure of world socialist system.
Illusory "victory" of liberal international system.
no "end to history", but awakening of primordial passions.
Emerging international, regional, transnational organizations.
Neo-colonialism or new medievalism.
Identity Politics: Ethnic nationalism, Gender, religion, civilizations
Term
Challenges of Development
Definition
Identity
Legitimacy
Penetration
Participation
Distribution
Term
Political Culture
Definition
Values and beliefs that political elites and ordinary citizens have about politics and govt.
GB: Traditional and modern
FR: shared universal amibitions of french civilization. Pride in french prestige, cultural patrimony
Term
Traditional Economy
Definition
Pre-industrial ethic.
anti-trade
anti-commerce
usury and lending viewed as exploitation.
Mutual obligations and tradition.
Christian corporate ethic condemned the lust for wealth.
Term
Industrialization
Definition
shift in manufacture from primary dependence on human energy to dependence on inanimate energy source (steam, coal, oil).
technological innovation, use of machines, factories, specialization of labor.
Term
Consociational Democracy
Definition
Form of government.
guaranteed group representation
often suggested for managing conflict in deeply divided societies.
power-sharing.
Grand coalition
Mutual Veto
Proportionality
Segmental Autonomy
Term
Consensual Democracy
Definition
characterized by decision-making structure.
involves broad range of opinions.
different than other systems that can ignore minority opinion by majority vote.
Term
Social Democrats
Definition
political ideology.
reformist democratic socialism.
peaceful, evolutionary transition of economy to socialism through progressive social reform of capitalism
Term
Christian Democrats
Definition
political ideology.
applies christian principles to public policy.
19th century Europe
conservatism
catholic social teaching
Term
Green Parties
Definition
political party
principles of green politics
social justice, grassroots democracy, nonviolence, environmentalism
Term
Liberal Party
Definition
center - left, centrist, or center-right
support for civil rights and democratic institutions
Term
Old Labour Party
Definition
center left party in UK.
one of the two main parties along with the conservative party.
Founded in 1900, overtook liberal party under Ramsay mcdonald
Term
New Labour Party
Definition
developed to regain trust from electorate.
Departure from "old Labour party".
New Labour party used to communicate party's modernization to the public
Term
parts of the United Kingdom
Definition
England
Scotland
Wales
N. Ireland
Term
Old Tories
Definition
1678 England
opposed Whig-supported exclusion bill
ceased to exist in early 1760's
Term
New Tories
Definition
Started up again in 1800's
After losing many seats in Parliament they began to transform the Tories into the conservative party.
Eventually became the modern conservative party, with members still referred to as tories
Term
Marginal Parties
Definition
Germany: Centre party - marginal
Parties that are not well represented, often part of larger parties in order to get into office
Term
Trade Unions
Definition
UK: Trade Union
organization of workers banded together to achieve labor goals. ex: higher pay, better hours, working conditions and bargains with employers to meet these goals.
Term
Interest Groups
Definition
political groups dedicated to a specific interest. Ed: environmentalism, ethics, clean water, etc.
promotes and creates advantages for its cause.
Term
Westminster System
Definition
political operating system.
used in national legislatures and subnational legislatures of commonwealths,
Previously used by Canadian provinces, australian colonies
Term
Presidential system
Definition
system of govt where executive branch led by someone who is head of state and head of government. Usually the president. in this system, executive exists independent of the legislature and doesn't answer to them, but can't dismiss them
Term
Celtic Fringe
Definition
Term "celtic" is used to describe languages and people of Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, isle of Mann, scotland.
Fringe refers to celtic islands on western edges of the continent, also known as the celtic crescent
Term
Civil law
Definition
legal system used in western europe.

uses framework of roman law
core principles codified
Term
common law
Definition
framework from precedent and decisional law.
precedential authority
Term
Monarchy
Definition
form of government, headed by a sovereign
Term
Upper and lower houses
Definition
upper house - like a senate
one of two chambers of bicameral legislature
Term
lower house
Definition
like an assembly, or parliament
tend to require concurrent majority
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