Shared Flashcard Set

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Europe Terms
Terms about Europe's history and geography
45
Geography
9th Grade
12/12/2011

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Term
polder
Definition
low-lying area in which seawater has been drained to create new farmland
Term
dikes
Definition
large banks of earth and stone that hold back water
Term
glaciation
Definition
the process whereby glaciers form and spread
Term
fjord
Definition
long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled with sea water
Term
loess
Definition
fine, yellowish-brown topsoil made up of particles of silt and clay, usually carried by the wind
Term
foehn
Definition
dry wind that blows from the leeward sides of mountains, sometimes melting snow and causing avalanches, term used mainly in Europe
Term
avalanche
Definition
mass ice, snow, or lock that slides down a mountainside
Term
mistral
Definition
cold winds that cause cold and wet climates
Term
sirocco
Definition
sahara winds that bring warm winds and causes dry farming
Term
chaparral
Definition
type of vegetation made up of dense forests of shrubs and short trees, common mediterranean climates
Term
permafrost
Definition
permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground
Term
Gulf Stream
Definition
extension of the North Atlantic Drift that brings warm currents to Europe
Term
North Atlantic Drift
Definition
a powerful warm ocean current that continues the Gulf Stream northeast
Term
Iberian Peninsula
Definition
Peninsula in southwestern Europe
Term
Balkan Peninsula
Definition
Peninsula in southeastern Europe bordered by Adriatic Sea
Term
Apennine Peninsula
Definition
located in Italy
Term
Scandinavian Peninsula
Definition
peninsula in northern europe
Term
refugee
Definition
a person who is forced to leave their country
Term
city-state
Definition
a separate community of ancient greece
Term
Middle Ages
Definition
a period between ancient and modern times
Term
feudalism
Definition
a system in which monarchies give land to lords or nobles who have to pledge loyalty
Term
Crusades
Definition
a series of religious wars to return the holy land from the Muslims
Term
Renaissance
Definition
a period of discovery and learning in ancient rome
Term
Reformation
Definition
lessened the power of Roman Catholic Church and led to the beginning of Protestantism
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
educated Europeans and emphasized importance of reason and began to question long standing traditions and values
Term
industrial capitalism
Definition
an economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies
Term
communism
Definition
society based on economic equality
Term
reparations
Definition
payments made by Germany after WW1 which led to WW2
Term
Holocaust
Definition
mass killing of Jews during WW2
Term
Cold War
Definition
a hard struggle between the communist and noncommunist world
Term
European Union
Definition
organization who's goal was to unite Europe in which goods, services, and workers could move freely within the country
Term
Good Friday Peace Agreement
Definition
paved the way for Protestant and Roman Catholics to share power
Term
welfare state
Definition
have tax supported programs for education, health care, and social security
Term
Maastricht Treaty
Definition
set goals for a central bank and common currency in the EU it also set up EU
Term
heavy industry
Definition
the manufacturing of machinery and industrial equipment
Term
light industry
Definition
making textiles or processing food
Term
mixed farming
Definition
raising several types of crops and and livestock on the same farm
Term
farm cooperative
Definition
organizations in which farmers share a=in selling and growing crops which reduces costs and increases profits
Term
collective farm
Definition
receives wages and a share of products and profits
Term
state farm
Definition
not sharing in the profits but getting wages like factory workers
Term
genetically modified food
Definition
food with genes that make them grow bigger,faster, and more resistant to pets
Term
organic farming
Definition
using natural substance instead of chemicals and fertilizer to increase crop yields
Term
dry farming
Definition
way of farming in dry area that produces crops without any irrigation and relies on farming methods that conserves soil moisturizer
Term
meltwater
Definition
result of melting snow and ice which carries the acid to lakes and rivers
Term
acid deposition
Definition
wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the ground which harms the environment and historic buildings
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