Term
| Europe: "Peninsula of Peninsulas" |
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Definition
| Iberian Peninsula(Spain & Portugal) Scandinavian Peninsula (Norway & Sweden) Balkan Peninsula (Greece) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Europe Land:
Major Rivers |
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Definition
Thames (UK)
Rhine
Danube
Rhone
Po
Dnieper (Dnipro) |
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Term
Europe Climate:
Mild Mid-Latitude |
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Definition
(Western & Southern Europe)
Moderated my North Atlantic Drift (current)-winters are warm for latitude |
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Term
Europe Climate:
Severe Mid-Latitude |
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Definition
"Snowy Winters"
Central and northern Scandinavia, Findland, Central & Eastern Europe |
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Term
Europe Bio-geography:
Boreal Forest |
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Definition
(Coniferous forests dominated by Spruce, Fir, & Pine)
Scandinavian Peninsula, Eastern & Northeastern Europe |
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Term
Europe Bio-geography:
Broadleaf Deciduous Forests |
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Definition
| British Isles & Western Europe |
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Definition
| Short, gnarled, broadleaf, evergreen vegetation near Mediterranean Sea |
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Europe Natural Hazards:
Earthquakes |
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Definition
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Europe Natural Hazards:
Volcanoes |
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Definition
| Italy, Iceland & Mediterranean Sea |
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Europe Natural Hazards:
Tsunamis |
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Definition
| Iberian Peninsula, Italy, & Balkan Peninsula |
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Term
Europe Cultural Religion:
Roman Catholic |
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Definition
Southern & Central Europe
(Iceland, Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, & Croatia) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Religion:
Protestant |
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Definition
Northern Europe
(Britain, Scandinavian Peninsula, & Germany) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Religion:
Eastern Orthodox |
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Definition
Eastern Europe
(Greece, Serbia, Ukraine, Belarus, & Romania) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Religion:
Islamic Minority |
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Definition
North African Arabs live in France
Turks live in Germany |
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Europe Cultural Ethnicity:
Basic |
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Definition
Generally defined by nationality or region
Hungary- Magyar (90%) |
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Europe Cultural Language:
Germanic |
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Definition
Northern Europe
(Scandinavian Peninsula, Germany, & UK) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Language:
Romance |
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Definition
Southern Europe
(Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy, & Romania) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Language:
Slavic |
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Definition
Central & Eastern Europe
(Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Belarus, & Ukraine) |
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Term
Europe Cultural Language:
Baltic |
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Definition
(Balto-Slavic)
Lithuania & Latvia |
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Europe Cultural Language:
Uralian |
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Definition
(Uralic)
Findland, Estonia, & Hungary |
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Europe Cultural Language:
etc. |
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Definition
Greek (Hellenic)
Albanian- Albania
Basque |
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Definition
39 Countries
nation-states |
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Term
Europe Political Conflicts:
Northern Ireland |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
British Protestants & Irish Catholics struggling for political control of Northern Ireland. Power sharing Government proposed in 1998- "Good Friday Peace Accord" |
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Europe Political Conflicts:
France |
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Definition
Cultural & Economic
Ethnic riots due to racial discrimination & unemployment |
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Europe Political Conflicts:
Terrorism |
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Definition
"The Secret Organization of Al-Qaeda in Europe"
Claims responsibility for bombings in central London (July 7, 2005) |
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Term
Europe Political Conflicts:
Former Yugoslavia |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
(Croatia, Bosnia, & Kosovo in Serbia) |
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Term
Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
U.K. |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
(England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) |
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Term
Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
Belgium |
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Definition
Cultural & political
(Flemish in North {Flanders} & Walloons in South {Wallonia}) |
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Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
Spain |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
(Basques & Catalonia) |
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Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
France |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
(Corsica) |
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Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
Italy |
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Definition
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Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
"Ancona Line" |
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Definition
Cultural & Economic
(Northern & Southern Italy) |
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Term
Europe Political Potential Conflicts:
Devolution of Serbia |
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Definition
Cultural & Political
(Break-away movement in Albanian-dominated Kosovo) |
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Term
Europe Political History of Border Changes:
Relict Boundaries (Borders) |
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Definition
"Iron Curtain"- Capitalist western Europe & Communist eastern Europe
Germany- East & West
U.K.- England & Scotland |
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Term
Europe Political:
Maastricht Treaty or Treaty on European Union |
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Definition
(1992)
Created European Union (EU) and led to the creation of the Euro |
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Term
Europe Political:
Schengen Agreement |
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Definition
(1995)
Eliminates most intracontinental immigration controls & lets a citizen of any member country (EU) travel, live, and study in most of western Europe w/o a passport or visa |
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Term
| Europe Political & Military Alliances |
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Definition
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Org.)
UN (United Nations) |
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Definition
Free Market Economies
GDP per capita-$25,000
Unemployment- 10% |
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Term
Europe Economic:
Major Industrial Centers |
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Definition
Midlands (central Britain)
Ruhr (Western Germany)
Saar (Southwestern Germany)
Saxony (Eastern Germany)
North Italy (Po River Valley)
Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Silesia (Southern Poland)
DONBAS (Donetsk Basin)- Ukraine |
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Europe Economic:
Alliances |
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Definition
EU (European Union)
Euro-common currency |
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Term
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Definition
71% Urban
Southern & Eastern Europe is less urbanized than Northern & Western Europe
Megacities
Primate Cities
Green Belts
CBD (Central Business District)
Compact |
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Term
Europe Historical:
100 B.C.- 500 A.D. |
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Definition
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Europe Historical:
1914-18 |
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Definition
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Europe Historical:
1939-45 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg- first economic alliance) |
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Term
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Definition
| Treaty of Rome (European Economic Community) |
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Definition
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Definition
Devolution of Yugoslavia
(Slovenia, Croatia, & Macedonia declare independence) |
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Term
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Definition
| Maastricht Treaty or Treaty on European Union (EU)- created European Union and led to the creation of the Euro |
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Term
Europe Historical:
1992-95 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Schengen Agreement-
passage between EU countries without passports and other border restrictions |
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Term
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Definition
1)Introduction of the Euro
2)Conflict in Kosovo- NATO aerial bombing of Serbian Army in Kosovo |
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Term
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Definition
Montenegro becomes independent state (country)
Joint union between Serbia & Montenegro is peacefully dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as Reform Treaty) amends the Maastricht Treaty or Treaty on European Union (EU) |
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Term
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Definition
600 Million: Major global population cluster
Infant Mortality Rate: 6
Life Expectancy: 75
Fertility Rate: 2 |
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Term
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Definition
North European Lowland (Plain)
Western Siberian Lowland (Plain)
Siberia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Volga (most important river in Russia)
Ob
Yenisey
Lena
Amur |
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Term
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Definition
North Atlantic Drift (current)- Western Russia
Cold winters, cool-to-warm summers
Mountains block influence from pacific & Indian Oceans |
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Term
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Definition
Boreal Forest
Boreal Forest of Siberia is dominated by Larch: a deciduous conifer |
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Term
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Definition
Cold
Earthquakes (Caucasus Mountains) |
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Term
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Definition
| Christianity: 60% (Russian Orthodox: 53%) |
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Term
Russia Cultural:
Ethnicity |
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Definition
Russian: 80%
Others: Chechens, Tatars, Yakuts, Ossetians, Buryats |
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Definition
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Russia Cultural:
Crime rates |
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Definition
| High crime rates in large cities |
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Term
Russia Political:
Russian Federation |
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Definition
21 Republics
(Largest state in the world: 10 time zones) |
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Term
Russia Political:
"Federal Assembly" |
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Definition
Elected 2 House Parliament:
Duma- 450 seats
Council of the Federation- 178 seats |
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Term
Russia Political:
President |
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Definition
President elected and appoints Prime Minister
(Government corruption is rampant) |
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Term
Russia Political:
"Near Abroad" |
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Definition
14 Former SSRs of the USSR
(SSR=Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) |
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Term
Russia Political Conflicts:
Georgia |
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Definition
| Russia invades Georgia and declares South Ossetia & Abkhazia as independent countries (2008) |
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Term
Russia Political Conflicts:
Chechnya |
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Definition
Chechens have attempted to break-away from Russia and form an independent country named "Republic of Ichkeriya"
Religion: Islam(Sunni), Ethnicity: Caucasians, Language: Chechen |
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Term
Russia Political Potential Conflicts:
Tatar Republic (Tatarstan) |
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Definition
Religion: Islam
Ethnicity: Mongols
Language: Turkic
(Caucasus Republics) |
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Term
Russia Political Potential Conflicts:
Maritime (Primorye) Republic |
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Definition
Regionalization due to distance and isolation
(Caucasus Republics) |
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Term
Russia Political:
Reasons for Devolutionary Forces |
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Definition
Size: the country's vastness
Isolation: "regionalization"
Many ethnic clusters |
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Term
Russia Political Major Issues USA & Russia:
ABM Treaty & Missile Defense System |
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Definition
1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (USA withdrew from ABM Treaty in June 2002)
USA seeks missile defense system in eastern Europe |
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Term
Russia Political Major Issues- USA & Russia:
Nuclear Arsenal |
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Definition
New START Nuclear Arms-control Treaty (2010)
Named for Strategic Arms Reduction treaties of the 1990's
No more than 1550 long-range nuclear warheads
No more than 800 Submarines, Missiles, & Bombers with nuclear warheads |
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Term
| Russia Political & Military Alliances |
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Definition
UN
NATO: Russia Council (Russia is a consulting member of NATO, not a voting member) |
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Term
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Definition
Transition from communist/planned economy to capitalist/free economy.
Industrial sector is old & uncompetitive.
Rich Natural Resources (oil & natural gas): 2nd leading oil exporter in the world.
Per Capita GNP: $15,000.
Unemployment: 10% |
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Russia Economic:
Major Industrial Centers |
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Definition
Central Industrial Region- Moscow
Volga Region
Urals Region
Kuzbas Region (Kuznetsk Basin)
Baykaliya
Far East Region |
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Term
| Russia Economic Alliances: |
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Definition
CIS: Commonwealth if Independent States
(Russia & 14 former SSRs) |
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Term
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Definition
75% urban
Megacities
Compact
Small CBD (central business district)
No Suburbanizaion |
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Term
Russia Urban:
Major Cities |
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Definition
Moscow: 10 million
St. Petersburg: 5 million |
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Term
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Definition
| Ivan Grozny (Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible) 1st Czar |
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Term
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Definition
Peter the Great (Peter I):
Founder of modern Russia
Built St. Petersburg
Initiated Russian Empire |
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Term
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Definition
Catherine the Great:
expanded the Russian Empire |
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Term
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Definition
Bolshevik Revolution
(Nicholas II- last Czar) |
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Term
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Definition
| USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) |
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Term
Russia Historical:
1941-45 |
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Definition
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Term
Russia Historical:
1940's-90's |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mikhail Gorbachev initiates policy of "perestroika" (reform) & "glasnost" (openness) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Russian Federation Treaty |
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Term
Russia Historical:
1994-96 |
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Definition
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Term
Russia Historical:
1999-2000 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| New START Nuclear Arms-control Treaty |
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Term
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Definition
141 million
Natural Increase: -0.3
Infant Mortality: 9
Life Expectancy: 70
Fertility Rate: 1 |
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