Term
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Definition
Created in 1871
Often called Prussia-Germany
Composed of many states |
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Term
| Characteristics of States within Germany |
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Definition
Very culturally advanced
Good education, medicine, engineering, etc. (many steam ships example)
Potential threat when unified
After unification more industrial expansion
Eventually other states can't contain Germany |
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Term
| France's Role with German Unification |
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Definition
Loser due to unification
Napoleon II did not try to curb German power because sympathetic toward nationalism
Napoleon II was focused on Italian resources instead |
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Term
| Prussia's Role in German Unification |
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Definition
Eastern most German state
Early on Prussia was power player due to resource advantages
Survival based on military power |
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Term
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Definition
Used process of "Blood and Iron"
Felt Prussia's two enemies were France and Austria-Hungary
Want to withdraw Austria from German states and felt that Prussia Germany and Austria should be allies
Would have to defeat Austria militarily to gain as ally
Needed Austria to help defeat France
If enemies teamed up then there would be a problem for Prussia |
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Term
| Germany 2nd half of 19th Century |
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Definition
German states expressed deep nationalism and Napoleon II sympathized with them
Leaders of small German states decided to have Prussia rule them
Bismarck ask Austria to help get Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark
Prussia get Schleswig and Austria get Holstein
Used Holstein as a way to wage war with Austria
1866 Austria go to war with Prussia because Prussia march through Holstein |
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Term
| Why did France not support Austria during its battle with Prussia? |
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Definition
1. Napoleon II sympathized with German nationalism
2. France's rivalry with Austria over Italian lands
France remained neutral in war |
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Term
| Outcome of War between Prussia and Austria |
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Definition
Prussia dominated Austria
Bismarck was civil to Austria and even gave them some land
As expected Austria became a Prussian ally
War with France then |
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Term
| War with France which Lead to a United Germany |
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Definition
Prussians say that going to take throne in Spain
France flips and wages war, but people view France as an instigator
Prussia destroys France
Harsh consequences with France compared to Austria
France had to accept a unified Germany |
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Term
| Basis of Bismarck's Diplomacy |
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Definition
He wanted to make sure that others wouldn't unite
Felt that Germany was in middle of great powers, so couldn't have them unite
German growth would come in technology not expansion
Understood need for moderation
Wanted to stay away from colonial rivalries - interests would be in Europe because colonial rivalry (huge reason for discourse)
Inconsistent though, so got fired |
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Term
| German Technology in 1870s |
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Definition
Up to par with tech
Like US
Big producer of steel
Have draft, so if push came to shove, Germans would fight fast |
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Term
| Russia and Austria War in Balkans |
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Definition
Russia wanted Balkans because wanted to protect Slavs
Austria-Hung rule area as Ottoman Empire receded
So Bismarck create Reassurance Treaty
Touchy because already ally with Austria-Hung |
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Term
| Reassurance Treaty of 1887 |
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Definition
Germany would not attack France if Russia did not attack Austria-Hung
If Austria-Hung attacked Russia, Germany would be neutral
If France attacked Germany, Russia would remain neutral
Wanted to prevent Russo-Austrian War over Balkans to keep alliance with Germany |
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Term
| Nation Relations before WW1 |
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Definition
Germany allied itself with Russia and Austria-Hung
Russia and Austria-Hung were rivals
Britain was neutral
France and Germany were enemies |
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Term
| Processes that lead to Wilhelm abandoning Reassurance Treaty |
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Definition
Russia allies with France
Britain allies with France |
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Term
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Definition
Want Germany to become a world power
Sought to obtain colonies in Africa and help Austria-Hung rival Russia
Does not sign Reassurance Treaty
Challenge Britain with navy |
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Term
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Definition
Wilhelm II became Kaiser and thought that Germany could become a world power
Thought Bismarck was too cautious and fired him
Wilhelm used emotion and despised complexity
Deeply insecure- both Germany and Wilhelm |
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Term
| Why deny Russia's desire to extend treaty for 3 more years? |
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Definition
1. German royal house was related to Russian royal house, so that family matter would suffice
2. A/H wanted full support and Wilhelm wouldn't give full support to 2 states
3. Russia was becoming England's rival, and Wilhelm wanted to be allies with Britain
4. Didn't like dual alliances |
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Term
| Germany begins to fully support A/H and break away from Russia |
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Definition
Russia finds an ally in France
The 4 start to fight and 15 years later WW1 begins |
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Term
| Why did Britain abandon Splendid Isolation? |
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Definition
Britain develop Hull Ship while Germany was developing high fleet
Wilhelm didn't want to fight with Britain, but Britain start to ally with France because feel that creating this new fleet would be a threat to British Empire |
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Term
| Wilhelm reaching out to Asia |
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Definition
Germany in 1895 try to find area in North China after China defeated by Japan
Use its influence to carve spheres
Samoan peninsula
Fight in Boar War and support Dutch to get African land
Piss off Brits and Brits ally with France even more |
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Term
| Significance of Versailles Treaty |
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Definition
Failure of idealism in relation to power of politics
America go in on moral grounds and then leave when messy |
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Term
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Definition
Western allies defeating Germany by limiting it
Wilson want idea of collective security - everyone band together and band against the one that abuses power
INTA needs to be based on right and wrong |
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Term
| Who controlled collective security? |
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Definition
1. nations that participated
2. public opinion based on newspapers and riots
3. nationalism/self-determination should be a moral principle |
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Term
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Definition
France didn't agree with idealism
Wanted to weaken Germany so they could never fight again
Wanted to make Rhineland independent
Wilson instead make it a DMZ |
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Term
| Land Agreements from Versailles Treaty |
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Definition
Poland would be independent
Hungary, Czech, Yugoslavia, Austria (but Hitler wanted for Germany)
Danzig Corridor and Saarland off limits because Poland need access to sea
creation of new states due to self-determination |
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Term
| German fees due to Versailles Treaty |
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Definition
Expected to limit army
Lost so many resources (coal, iron ore, etc.)
France wanted to impose heavy reparations but Wilson and Keynes no agree because would limit global economy |
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Term
| Set back to Versailles Settlement |
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Definition
US withdrew from helping Europe because of power politics
Senate denied legislation for League of Nations
US pissed that Br used propaganda to get them into war
Return to isolationism |
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Term
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Definition
Farmers being conscripted said no, government falls apart
Lenin and Bolshevik party have another revolution |
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Term
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
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Definition
1921
means of production under government (economic planning)
state based on factories and workers |
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Term
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Definition
in struggle against capitalists in other countries
thought all workers urning for freedom
expected commies in other countries to hold revolutions
saw that revolutions not imminent in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
1919 - formed
a support system and coordinator of revolutions internationally
when enter commie party, pledge loyalty to fatherland
advisors sent to different states to form strong commie parties |
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Term
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Definition
revolutionary force for revolutions worldwide
1. Red army sent to Poland to help develop proletariat state
2. Helped fight and set up commie government in Mongolia
Targeted heavy industry and defense/military - ex. worked on Weimar Republic |
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Term
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Definition
Fought while Lenin was on death bed
Stalin believe that socialist state could exist with strong military
Trotsky say that must expand socialism to other nations
Stalin won and gained power
Changed purposes of comintern after lack of revolutions in Europe
So went to China - go the needy because imperialism is final stage of capitalism |
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Term
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Definition
Huge growth in rural poverty
Increased tenant farming
Increased food from US
Less and less connection with farmers because people moving to cities
Taxation and corruption increased
Taiping Rebellion cause setbacks |
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