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Eugenics
final
46
Other
Not Applicable
12/13/2005

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Term
Sterilization in 1933 Germany
Definition
everyone was at risk if defective; not just those in institutions (druggies, alcoholics, blind, visibly handicapped)
Term
Hereditary Health courts
Definition
bureaucracy that insisted sterilization was ethically justifiable because they were providing for future generations; consisted of 1 lawyer, 2 physicians and 1 genetic expert
Term
Lebensborn program (1936)
Definition
established by Heinrich Himmler who wanted to ensure Germany increased the number of Aryans; preferrable women were recruited to breed with desirable SS officers and gave children up for adoption
Term
Anti-Semitic rules in Germany
Definition
established by Hitler and Himmler; Jews and non-Jews could not be married
Term
1939 euthanasia program
Definition
ordered on ppl in asylums; they were shot initially, then system changed to gasing (more efficient); 70,000 ppl euthanised under original program
Term
child euthanasia project
Definition
kids were farmed out to places where they were killed, by starvation or lethal injection
Term
1st child euthanised
Definition
Knauer baby - child was blind, missing limbs; parent petitioned to have child killed
Term
rationalization behind euthanasia (3)
Definition
1)science and advanced medicine justified movement
2)racial, genetic, economic reasons
3)defective children were occupying beds that German soldiers would need during the war
Term
"Science & the Swastika" (documentary)
Definition
"racial hygiene" (Alfred Ploetz); hygiene museum told Germans it was their duty to be fittest nation; doctors were assigned biological mission
Term
Dr. Ernst Rudin
Definition
Germany's leading eugenicist; supported compulsory sterilization; lead nationwide health program in which rewards were given to those with lots of kids and fines to those without
Term
leadership camps
Definition
secret training camps for doctors, nurses and midwives
Term
Karl Brandt
Definition
Hitler's traveling physician; began "mercy killings" in 1939 with Knauer baby
Term
racial hygiene
Definition
the idea that races need to be cleansed because there is a pollution
Term
3 best races
Definition
1)Nordic
2)Westphalian
3)Alpine
Term
2 goals of Lebensborn program
Definition
1)get rid of racially undesirable children
2)capture racial desirables from other countries, bring them to Germany and have them adopted by fit families
Term
1942 landmark decision
Definition
to eliminate Jewish race
Term
"The Healing Wound" by Gitta Sereny
Definition
Sereny was a social worker @ Regensburg Group; responsible for repatriating children back to their homes; decisions were not easy as some kids seemed better off where they were
Term
end of WWII
Definition
VE day: May 8, 1945
VJ day: Aug 14, 1945
Term
UNESCO(1948)
Definition
committee of experts on race problems; wanted to define "race"; established that all men belong to the same species; races are equals but individuals in them are not; written by panel of anthropologists, biologists and geneticists
Term
ART
Definition
assisted reproductive technology (includes in-vitro fertilization and artificial insemination)
Term
artificial insemination
Definition
began in 1884; first case w/ man who had semen but no viable sperm; most often used for treatment of male infertility;
Term
artificial insemination in 1930s & 40s
Definition
was a physician-controlled procedure; doctors tried to match characterisitics of donor to that of father; was done privately; donors were often medical students who were intelligent and close to physicians
Term
advantages of freezing sperm
Definition
enhances anonymity because donor doesn't have to be around; can be transported which allows for more shipping; can fine tune ethnic and racial input of donors
Term
in-vitro fertilization
Definition
means "in a glass"; test tube babies; sperm and egg are united in peatri dish; success rate is still poor;, first IVF baby in US 1983
Term
fertility drugs
Definition
used in IVF to trick ovary into releasing more than one egg, increasing chances of comception
Term
surrogate mothers
Definition
"rent a womb"; woman is pad or agrees to carry another's child; legal contracts are drawn up so surrogate has to give baby up
Term
artificial embryonation
Definition
egg donors
Term
other forms of ART
Definition
posthumous reproduction; post-menopausal fertility; post-sterilization surgical corrections
Term
Human Genome Project (1990-2001)
Definition
mapped out program of human genes (30,000-40,000); now a search for better disgnostic and prognostic tests
Term
genetic testing of fetus'
Definition
reliable in 1980's; required of all fetus' (mass. was first state in 1963); fetus' were tested for PKU
Term
genetic screening programs
Definition
attempts to screen for communicable diseases; only a specific population is targeted
Term
susceptibility testing
Definition
tests let you know if you have an above average chance of getting a disease that runs in your family
Term
predictive testing
Definition
if parent has disease, you can be told if you have a normal or mutated gene for it
Term
carrier testing
Definition
parents are tested to see if they carry a certain gene
Term
prenatal testing
Definition
fairly universal; fetus is tested before birth; can sometimes cause a miscarriage
Term
Tay Sachs disease
Definition
was believed to only afflict Jews; testing became mandatory for them in 1970; disease noticeable b/t 6-18 months; generally die before age 6; 1:30 is carrier; 1:3000 has disease
Term
sickle-cell anemia
Definition
blood condition that primarily affects African-Americans and Mediterraneans; in 1971, Mass. passed law requiring blood tests for school attendance; 1:12 A-A's is carrier; 1:625 has disease
Term
PKU (phenylketonuria)
Definition
Irish and Europeans most afflicted; 1st disease to have mandatory screening; 1:60 is carrier; 1:12000 has disease
Term
ultrasound
Definition
70% of women have it done
Term
pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
Definition
1990-has been poosible to examine embryos outside of womb for genetic histroy;
1996-can scan genes within embryos
Term
human embyonic stem cells
Definition
extracted from stem cells; can produce highly differentiated cell's later on; can become any kind of tissue in body; controversial because they are from aborted fetuses
Term
human cloning
Definition
you get a genetic replica; a genotype not a phenotype
Term
Ian Wilmut
Definition
cloned Dolly the sheep
Term
similarities in old and new eugenics
Definition
intelligence is still highly regarded; healthy, athletic bodies; optimism for a quick turnaround
Term
differences b/t old and new eugenics
Definition
more vocal opposition now; focus more on embryos than parents; now its a choice - not so in Germany; positive eugenics now rather than negative then
Term
Survival of the Prettiest
Definition
our concept of what is beautiful is biological; human beauty is transcultural and transtemperal; sensitivity to human beauty is profound
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