Term
| A biofilm develops by stacking BLANK on top of another BLANK. |
|
Definition
| A biofilm develops by stacking one bacterial species on top of another bacterial species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No, each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which they are able to adhere |
|
|
Term
| Why is coaggregation important? |
|
Definition
| it is important in development of the bacterial biofilm |
|
|
Term
| What are the first bacteria to colonize a tooth surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can periodontal pathogens colonize the biofilm? |
|
Definition
| after nonpathogenic species are attached |
|
|
Term
| Where are periodontal pathogens before they are attached to the biofilm? |
|
Definition
| free-floating in the mouth until early colonizers attach to the tooth |
|
|
Term
| How do the early colonizers tell the periodontal bacteria that they can attach to the tooth surface? |
|
Definition
| they send signals when the conditions are favorable |
|
|
Term
| Free-floating bacteria cannot joing the tooth surface until BLANK. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the order of attachment random? |
|
Definition
| no they go in a specific order like the A-B-C's |
|
|
Term
| When can intermediate and late bacterial colonizers join the biofilm? |
|
Definition
| after the early colonizers are in place on the tooth surface |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a species that are early colonizers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do streptococcal species have the ability to attach? |
|
Definition
| to the tooth pellicle and each other |
|
|
Term
| Do other early colonizers have the ability to attach to the pellicle? |
|
Definition
| no, but they can attach/coaggregate with the streptococcal species |
|
|
Term
| Are the periodontal pathogens usually early colonizers? |
|
Definition
| no, they are usually late colonizers |
|
|
Term
| Early colonizers adhere to what? |
|
Definition
| the pellicle coating the tooth |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate colonizers coaggregate with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Late colonizers coaggregate with what? |
|
Definition
| the intermediate colonizers |
|
|
Term
| Can planktonic(free floating) periodontal pathogens cause disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can periodontal pathogens colonize the biofilm? |
|
Definition
| after nonpathogenic early colonizers attach to the tooth surface |
|
|
Term
| What can we do the disrupt the biofilm? |
|
Definition
| daily self-care, so the biofilm will be constantly reforming |
|
|
Term
| What happens each time the biofilm is disrupted? |
|
Definition
| the process must start over with early colonizers |
|
|
Term
| What is the first stage of bacterial colonization? |
|
Definition
| colonization of the pellicle |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria colonizes the pellicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of early gram positive bacteria that colonize the pellicle? |
|
Definition
-Actinomyces viscosus
-Streptococcus sanguis |
|
|
Term
| What happens during intermediate coaggregation? |
|
Definition
| the bacteria begin to multiply |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria arrive after the initial gram positive ones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of this gram negative bacteria? |
|
Definition
-fusobacterium nucleatum
-prevotella intermedia |
|
|
Term
| What color does gram negative bacteria stain? Gram Positive? |
|
Definition
| + stains purple, - stains red |
|
|
Term
| What happens after gram negative bacterial join the biofilm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gram negative bacteria are seen during colonization? |
|
Definition
-Porphyromonas gingivalis(PG, Mr.Perio)
-Capnocytophaga gingivalis |
|
|
Term
| Is the organization of bacteria within a biofilm random? |
|
Definition
| no, it is organized because there are specific associations among bacterial species |
|
|
Term
| What are Socransky's Complexes? |
|
Definition
| microorganisms grouped into complexes, each complex is assigned a color |
|
|
Term
| What are the colors associated with Socransky's Complexes? |
|
Definition
green= low risk
red= high risk |
|
|
Term
| What are these colors based on? |
|
Definition
| the association with health or disease |
|
|
Term
| What are yellow and green associated with? |
|
Definition
| early colonizers, compatible with gingival health |
|
|
Term
| What are orange and red associated with? |
|
Definition
| thought to be major etiologic agents of perio disease |
|
|
Term
| Where does plaque biofilm development begin? |
|
Definition
| begins supragingivally (near gingival margin) and progresses subgingivally |
|
|
Term
| How quickly does the pellicle form after polishing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How quickly do early colonizers attach supragingivally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take the surface of the tooth crown to become covered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for mature supragingival biofilm to form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take subgingival biofilm to form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are some subgingival attachment zones? |
|
Definition
-the root surface(on cementum)
-epithelial lining of periodontal pocket |
|
|
Term
| Where do tooth associated bacteria attach? |
|
Definition
| just below the gingival margin almost to the JE |
|
|
Term
| What do tooth associated bacteria appear to have the ability to do? |
|
Definition
| invade dental tubules of the cementum What |
|
|
Term
| What shape of bacteria is tooth associated bacteria dominated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does tissue associated bacteria attach? |
|
Definition
| to the epithelium of the pocket wall |
|
|
Term
| Are tooth and tissue associated bacteria the same? |
|
Definition
| no they are distinctly different |
|
|
Term
| What can tissue associated bacteria invade? |
|
Definition
| the gingival connective tissue and can be found on the surface of alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| What shape are tissue associated bacteria? |
|
Definition
| spirochetes and flagellated bacteria |
|
|
Term
| BLANK-associated plaque is the most detrimental to the periodontal tissues. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to attached bacteria, the peridontal pocket also contains what? |
|
Definition
| free floating bacteria that are not part of the biofilm |
|
|
Term
| What does research show as the primary cause of destruction seen in periodontitis? |
|
Definition
| the body's immune response |
|
|
Term
| What activates the body's immune system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the most damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuous low-grade inflammation occuring 24 hours a day, month after month |
|
|
Term
| Are bacteria alone the cause of periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| no, it is the relationship between bacteria AND host response that causes tissue destruction in perio |
|
|
Term
| What are virulence factors? |
|
Definition
| mechanisms that enable the bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium |
|
|
Term
| Are virulence factors a major cause of periodontal destruction? |
|
Definition
| no, they are a minor cause of periodontal destruction |
|
|
Term
| What is anther name for a diseased sulcus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of bacterial virulence factors? |
|
Definition
1.characteristics of the bacteria
2.products produced by the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st bacterial characteristic that determines bacterial virulence? |
|
Definition
| bacterial invasion factors |
|
|
Term
| What do bacterial invasion factors allow? |
|
Definition
| allow bacterium to actively penetrate the epithelium lining of the pocket wall and enter the gingival connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Where have both gram positive and negative bacteria been found? |
|
Definition
| in the intercellular spaces of the gingival connective tissue and near the alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| How do bacterium invade the gingival tissues? |
|
Definition
| through ulcerations within the pocket epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What are some bacteria that will invade host tissue cells? (4) |
|
Definition
-Aa
-Pg
-F.nucleatum
-Treponema denticola |
|
|
Term
| What is a key factor in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic gram bacteria? |
|
Definition
| the bacteria's ability to invade the host tissue cell's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short chains of amino acids found in the bacterial cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| regulates what gets in or out of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lock on to the peptides and alert the body's immune system of bacterial invaders |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the peptides when a bacterium dies? |
|
Definition
| they unlink and become single amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| then there is nothing for the t-cells to lock on to, so the host immune response subsides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that acts on host cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria are endotoxins associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bacteria that produces endotoxins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which endotoxin is produced by Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables bacteria to destroy host leukocytes in the sulcus or pocket |
|
|
Term
| What is bacterial enzyme production? |
|
Definition
| agents that are harmful to host cells |
|
|
Term
| What do the enzymes produced by periodontal pathogens do? (4) |
|
Definition
-increases permeability of epithelial tissue(allow bacteria to penetrate)
-contributes to breakdown on gingival collagen fibers
-promotes apical migration of JE
-reduces ability of immunoglobins to defend host |
|
|
Term
| Can biofilm bacteria easily be killed? |
|
Definition
| no they are EXTREMELY resistant to antibiotics, antimicrobials, and the body's immune system |
|
|
Term
| What protects the biofilm from drugs and the body's leukocytes? |
|
Definition
| the extracellular slime layer |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria produce enzymes that do what to antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| degrade antibiotics faster than the drug can penetrate the biofilm |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria in the deepest layers of the biofilm become what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotics only work on bacteria that is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when a course of antibiotics is finished? |
|
Definition
| the dormant bacteria in the biofilm reactivate |
|
|
Term
| BLANK removal of biofilm s essential. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is control of bacteria in the dental plaque biofilm best achieved by? |
|
Definition
| physical disruption of the plaque biofilm |
|
|
