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| Race-the identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor |
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| Ethnicity- identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth |
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| Triangular slave trade- an efficient triangular trading pattern. Ships left Europe for Africa with cloth and other trade goods, used to buy the slaves |
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| Sharecropper- a worker that works in fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent by turning over to the landowner shares of crop |
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| Racism- the belief that a race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce and inherent superiority of a particular race |
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| Racist- a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism |
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| Block-busting- real estate agents convinced white homeowners living near a black area to sell there houses at low prices, preying on their fears that black families would soon movie into the neighborhood and cause property values to decline |
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| Apartheid- the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas |
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| Nationality- identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country |
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| Self-determination- the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
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| Nation-state- a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
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| Nationalism- loyalty and devotion to a nationality |
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| Centripetal force- an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state |
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| Multiethnic state- state that contains one or more ethnicity |
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| Multinational state- two ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities |
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| Balkanized- used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other |
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| Balkanization- the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities |
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