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| 8 different kinds of journalists |
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Definition
| political, economic, sentry (predicts future events), entertainment, record keeping, social, marketplace, agenda setting |
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| Ethics **public trust is deteriorating in journalism because of a perceived lack of ethical standards |
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| taking the characteristics of several sources and creating one fictional quoted source based on that |
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| Big 3 in Journalistic Ethics |
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| Credibility, accuracy, objectivity |
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| the ability to be believed and trusted |
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| being 100 percent correct, 100 percent of the time |
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| the state of mind that journalists acquire to make them fair, neutral observers of events and issues |
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| Other ethical considerations: Good taste |
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| avoiding sensationalism or explicit material and considering your audience |
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| Other ethical considerations: Write a reply |
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| giving everyone involved a chance for common IN THE SAME STORY |
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| Other ethical considerations: Fairness to all |
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| applying the same standards to all races, religions, genders, etc. |
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| Other ethical considerations: Plagiarism |
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| absolutely NEVER copy; you will lose credibility |
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| Other ethical considerations: Attribution |
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Definition
| identify where the info came from by saying "According to..." or simply by using a direct quote |
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| Other ethical considerations: The truth |
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| never speculate or guess what the truth is. Find out. |
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Term
| Is libel a criminal action? |
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Definition
| No, libel is a civil action |
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Term
| Defenses against libel (4) |
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Definition
| Truth, privileged, fair comment, admission of error |
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| Defenses against libel: Truth |
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Definition
| if you can prove it to the jury with hard evidence |
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| Defenses against libel: Privileged statements |
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| you can print anything spoken or written in open record, for example something said on the floor of Congress |
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| Defenses against libel: Fair comment |
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| opinion reviews of a creative piece |
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| Defenses against libel: Admission of error |
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Definition
| publish a prompt correction to show that the paper's motive was clear |
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Term
| Some students came to school in Des Moines wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. School administrators said it distracted from the educational environment. Students sued. |
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Definition
| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) |
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Term
| In the Tinker v. Des Moines case, one court ruled in favor of the school using the term in loco parentis. What is in loco parentis? |
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Definition
| in place of the parents; when school officials assume a parent's rights, duties, and responsibilities |
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Term
| Who won in the end with the Supreme Court in the Tinker v. Des Moines case (1969)? |
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| Staff members of the _______ newspaper in Missouri did a whole spread on teen pregnancy and used anonymous quotes. The principal cut the entire spread based on the idea that students could figure out who said the quotes, and he wanted to protect their identities. The students sued. |
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Definition
| Hazelwood School District v. Cathy Kuhlmeier (1983) |
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| After many courts heard the Hazelwood case, Tinker was overturned in 1988 and school won, giving administrators the right to prior review if they choose. What is prior review? |
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| letting a member of the administration edit the paper BEFORE it goes to press |
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Term
| Forum theory (open forum) |
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Definition
| when a school newspaper has been declared a place for the free exchange of ideas through columns and letters and may not be subject to censorship |
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| censorship (restraint in advance of publication) |
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| the opportunity for permitting a person criticized in a story to respond to that criticism in the same story |
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