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ethics
ethics final
41
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
05/01/2014

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Term
moral obligation
Definition
good vs bad
Term
moral values
Definition
evil vs good
Term
normative ethics
Definition
tries to figure out what people should do. it is the examination of ethical theories aka applied ethics
Term
applied ethics
Definition
consist of the analysis of specific, controversial morality. issues such as abortion, animal rights or euthanasia. deals with difficult questions and controversial moral issues that people actually face in their lives.
Term
descriptive theory
Definition
explains how things are. it is not ethics in the philosophical sense
Term
metaethics
Definition
seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties and evaluations. analytical, critical thinking about the presuppositions ofnormative ethics. metaethical questions constitute significant challanges to the very enterprise of normative ethics.
Term
sources of morals
Definition
traditional, supernatural, natural law and reflective
Term
traditional
Definition
beliefs, moral codes and mores that are passed down from generation to generation within culture, subculture or community and is also assumed within particular societies
Term
super natural
Definition
humanity is dependent upon the devine to reveal moral standards by which to live. devine relation - god reveals specific standards to humanity like the 10 commandments
Term
natural law
Definition
the supernatural has embedded certain moral standards within creation- ex murder, gluttony, lying, right to speak, provide for family
Term
reflective-
Definition
that which is examinal critically to identifying its origin, its intent , its consistancy and its effectiveness.
Term
Egoism
Definition
can be both descriptive and normative
Term
physcological egoism
Definition
the most famous descriptive claims that, each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare
Term
normative egoism
Definition
claims about what one ought to do, rather than describe what one does do
Term
ethical egoism
Definition
claims it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be morally RIGHT that it maximize ones self-interest
Term
rational egoism
Definition
claims that it is necassary and sufficiant for ones actions to be RATIONAL that it maximize ONES SELF-INTEREST
Term
Act-utilitarian
Definition
the right act defined as the one which brings about the best results from the ACTION

the right action makes more people happy and does not judge the value of an action in terms of laws
Term
strengths n weakness of act utilitarian
Definition
S: focuses on the consequences and happiness that results from the action

W: difficulty attaining full knowledge and certainty of the consequences of our actions
Term
Rule utiliarian
Definition
right and wrong determined as following or breaking rules
Term
S n W of rule utilitarin
Definition
W: if the rules take into account more and more exceptions then it turns into act utilitarian

W: its possible to generate unjuest rules

S: protects ppl by enfornced rules creates order
Term
non- consequentialism
Definition
act- should each act on a cause by cause basis

Rule- rules should govern society for the greater good
Term
non consequentialism
Definition
determines if an act is good or bad based on the value of ACT itself no regards to the consequences
Term
consequentialist
Definition
determine if an act is good or bad based on the consequences the act produces
Term
virtue ethics
Definition
prudence, temperance, justice, and fortitude
Term
virtue ethics
Definition
emphasizes the role of ones character and the virtues that ones character embodies for determining or evaulating ethical behavior
Term
prudence
Definition
ruling class- wisdom, insight knowledge
Term
temperance
Definition
producing class, just to put up with other, self control
Term
justice
Definition
uphold harmonious relationships by fairness
Term
fortitude
Definition
warrior class- courage
Term
kantian P1
Definition
easier to make moral rules universal golden rule

nothing was good except a good will. the will is the unique human ability to act in accordance to moral rules regardless of consequences, this is the most important human attribute
Term
kantian P2
Definition
prevents paternalism- you cant take care of yourself who takes care of you is predetermined

"reason" is the secound most imprtant human attribute
Term
kantian P3
Definition
hope for change respecting the possibility that there can be change

truth must be universalized.
Term
KP4
Definition
universal human rights more readily accepted

categorical imperative- a rule stating what ought to be done based upon pure reason alone and not contigent upon sensible desires
Term
KP5
Definition
people can held acceptible responisble for those decisions

Practical imperative- "act to treat humanity, wheather yourself or another, as an end in itself and never as a means
Term
KP6
Definition
justified use of punishment- gets whats coming to you based off of what you have done

duty rather than inclination

duty-we should act from respect for all moral law
Term
humanitarian ethics
Definition
value of life, justice, goodness, honesty and truth, individual freedom
Term
value of life
Definition
appriciating all human life and accepting death
Term
jutice
Definition
moral obligation to act on the basis of fair adjudication beween competing claims. fairness, entitlement and equality
Term
goodness
Definition
assets that good and evil are realities described as goodness is to attempt to benefit everyone evil is to attempt to harm a single innocent one
Term
honesty and truth
Definition
ideas cant be communicated or aggreements made if real doubt about the honesty of those involved
Term
individual feeedom
Definition
principle of autonomy means that individual must have freedom to choose how to be moral with framework of the 1st four basic prinicples. individual needs latitude to make decisions and choices appropriate for their individual differences.
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