Term
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Definition
| questionnaire, examination, or similar sample of behavior collected in a prescribed or standardized fashion for the purpose of describing, classifying, diagnosing, evaluating, or predicting behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Personnel selection, promotion, or classification
2) Professional licensure or certification
3) Educational admission and placement
4) Certification testing in K-12 school 5) Ability and achievement testing
6) Special education testing Clinical assessments
7) Counseling and guidance
8) Specialized instruments for program evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| Consistency or stability of test scores |
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Term
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Definition
How well the test measures what is says it measures
Types:
Content validity—the degree to which a test assesses a given body of knowledge
Construct—the degree to which a test assesses a given concept
Criterion validity—the degree to which a test reflects some external criterion or behavior |
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Term
| Standard error of measure |
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Definition
| A score interval that at a given probability level contains the true score |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtained scores equal true scores plus unknown scores due to error |
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Term
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Definition
1) Environmental (i.e. lighting, noise)
2) Intrapersonal (family issues, hungry, tired, sick, need to use the bathroom)
3) Interpersonal (arguments with significant others, issues with other people) |
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Term
| Primary references for tests |
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Definition
Mental Measurements Yearbook
Tests in Print
Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests
Test Critiques
Journal articles |
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Term
| Test Manuals should describe (6 things) |
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Definition
1) Development and purpose of test
2) Administration and scoring conditions
3) Sample used to standardize
4) Reliability and measurement error
5) Validity
6) Information to evaluate |
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Term
| ____% of hand scored personality tests contain errors and ___% would change clinical diagnoses |
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Definition
| 53% of hand scored personality tests contain errors and 19% would change clinical diagnoses |
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Term
| A test bias may present itself... |
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Definition
1) A function of the skill or trait being assessed
2) As a statistical phenomenon
3) As a selection model
4) As test content problem
5) As an over-interpretation of findings
6) As use of the wrong criterion
7) As test atmosphere or test conditions |
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Term
| 6 areas of Norm Groups - Explain |
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Definition
1) Age
2) Gender
3) Grade level
4) SES
5) Race/ethnicity
6) Location |
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Term
| Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) |
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Definition
1)Black employees challenged the use of abilities tests, showed evidence of disproportionate impact on minorities - a violation of the Title VII of the 1964 civil rights act (no discrimination)
2) Court ruled in favor, established JOB RELATEDNESS - Tests must fairly measure related skills AND predict/correlate important elements of work behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Challenged use of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Weschsler Intelligence Scale for Children
2) Disproportionate number of black children placed in EMR classes
3)Judge ruled that Certain items were culturally biased. The tests should not be the only means in which children are placed in special education. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Judge examined every ques (serious breach of test security) ruled only 8 were culturally biased
2) placement should not be based on only one test
3) Multiple techniques and qualified psychologists should evaluate all available info. |
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Term
| Diana v. State Board of Education |
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Definition
1) Judge ruled that children should be tested in their native language
2) when retested, 7 of the 9 scored higher than the ceiling for MR classification |
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Term
| Detroit Edison Co v. National Labor Relations Board (1979) |
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Definition
| Supreme Court ruled that employees test scores were confidential |
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Term
| 3 Components of User Competence |
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Definition
1) Training Issues—knowledge, skills, experience
2) Diagnosis (must be able to understand diagnosis before you administer the test)
3) Test security |
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Term
| Truth in testing statues of 1980's |
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Definition
| NY ruled that anyone who took a test should have the right to know what the correct answer is (issue of test security) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Informed consent
Who will see results?
How long will results be kept?
How will results be used?
2. Voluntarily participate in testing
3. Competence to give consent |
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Term
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Definition
1) Invasion of Privacy
2) Unfair discrimination - you want to discriminate AMONG
3) Self-incrimination |
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Term
| Publication credits to advance one’s career in order to... |
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Definition
gain entrance into graduate school
Obtain a job
Earn a promotion
Gain status among peers
Become recognized as an expert
Personal satisfaction to compensate for the low or nonexistent monetary rewards |
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Term
| Reasons for authorship disputes |
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Definition
Obtaining authorships by virtue of power in the organization
Unfulfilled commitment
Role of time spent on a project in assignment of credits |
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Term
| Basic varieties of scientific misconduct: |
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Definition
1) “Dry Lab” or forged data that are “invented”
2) Tempered or “fudged”
3) Selected or “trimmed” “data dropping”)
4) Carelessness and disregard for accuracy
5) Setting up an experimental condition so the collected data are more likely to confirm the hypothesis. |
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Term
| Major ethical concerns that arise in the course of conducting research: |
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Definition
1) Competency to conduct research—literature, theory, research design and methods, statistics, writing skills
2) Informed consent to participate
3) Deception and concealment
4) Special research populations (e.g., college students and vulnerable groups)
5) Risk and benefit assessment
6) Special problems with research conducted outside the lab
7) Privacy and confidentiality
8) Research using animals |
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Term
| National Research Act of 1974 |
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Definition
1) Established National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
2) Required establishment of IRBs at institutions receiving DHHS funds |
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Term
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Definition
Respect for persons
Beneficience
Justice |
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Term
| Scientific merit and ethical considerations are sometimes at odds: |
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Definition
1) Fully informing participants
2) The privacy of vulnerable people may be invaded in long-term follow-up
3) Balanced placebo designs may require misinforming participants
4) Participants in the control group could be denied valuable treatment |
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Term
| Components of an informed consent letter |
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Definition
1) Who you are
2) What you are doing and why doing it
3) What participants are asked to do (procedures)
4) how long it will take
5) Participation is voluntary
6) Risks of participation
7) Benefits of participation
8) No penalty for nonparticipation/withdrawal from study
8) How confidentiality/anonymity will be handled
9) Who to call for any questions regarding research |
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Term
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Definition
Misinforming participants
Concealing information
Third-person deception
Use of confederates
Making false guarantees
Misrepresenting one’s identity
False feedback
Self-deception
Use of placebos
Misrepresentation of study’s scope
Concealed observation or recording
Not informing |
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Term
| Risks that could emerge from research |
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Definition
Invasion of privacy
Breach of confidentiality
Longer term stress and discomfort
Loss of self-esteem
Upsetting reactions to being deceived or debriefed
Embarrassment/humiliation
Negative effects from being in a no-treatment control group
Reaction to being induced to commit reprehensible acts |
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Term
| Major complaints about faculty |
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Definition
1) inferior lectures
2) poor planning
3) annoying mannerisms
4) making poor use of class time
5) confusing grading criteria
6) faculty attire |
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Term
__% faculty teach material they have not mastered
__% taught unprepared
__% taught when too distressed to be effective
__% of faculty admit not updating lecture notes |
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Definition
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Term
| A syllabus should include |
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Definition
Learning objectives
Required readings
Details about assignments and deadlines
Test formats
Any penalties for nonattendance |
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Term
| Uncollegial behavior increases when these conditions are present: |
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Definition
Competitiveness
Limited resources
Limited chances for advancement
Low morale
Heavy workload
Unpleasant working conditions
Imcompetent management
Real or perceived inequities |
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Term
| Two types of sexual harassment |
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Definition
Quid Pro Quo
Hostile work environment |
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Term
| APA’s Insurance Trust data on law suits: |
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Definition
20% Sexual improprieties
14% Incorrect treatment
11% Loss from evaluation
7% Breach of confidentiality
2% Failure to supervise properly |
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Term
Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards report
disciplinary actions taken for: |
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Definition
35% dual relationships
28.6% negligent, unethical practice
9.5% Fraud
4.9% Negligent supervision |
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Term
Most frequent violations were failure to:
Most adhered-to guidelines were: |
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Definition
1. Adhere to ethical guidelines for performance evaluation and monitoring of student activities
2. Violating confidentiality related to supervision
3. Working with alternative theoretical perspectives
1. Not crossing sexual boundaries
2. Respecting line between supervision and therapy
3. Appropriate termination and follow-up issues |
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Term
| Problematic ethical areas for supervisees |
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Definition
1. 93% Negative feelings about supervisor
2. 85% Untimely client record keeping
3. 83% Gossiping about supervisory conflict, not telling supervisor
4. 76% Avoiding discussion of mistakes with clients
5. 72% Not discussing negative feelings about clients
6. 62% Not addressing issues of countertransference |
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Term
| Major Ethical Issues Related to Supervision |
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Definition
Competence
Due Process
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Multiple relationships
Ethical knowledge and behavior and personal functioning |
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Term
| Supervisee’s rights are not to be violated or ignored in supervision |
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Definition
1. Supervisee needs a clear understanding of requirements of practicum or internship
2. Specific knowledge of evaluation tools
3. How progress or lack of progress will be assessed
4. Supervisees have a right to be given proper written notice and opportunity for hearing, defense, and appeal. |
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Term
| What Supervisee Should Know about the Supervisor |
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Definition
1) Licensure, academic, clinical, and supervision training,
2) Membership in professional associations
3) Theoretical orientation for therapy
4) Theoretical orientation for supervision
5) Experience as a supervisor |
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Term
| What Supervisees Should Know about Supervision |
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Definition
1) Frequency, duration, and location of supervision
2) What happens when supervisor or supervisee cancel a session
3) Details of the learning contract—how success will be defined
4) Objectives of supervision
5) Expectations for advanced preparation and presentation of materials
6) Requirements for video or audio taping
7) Handling emergencies—evenings and weekends
8) Limits of confidentiality |
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Term
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Definition
| Disclose as little as possible to get what needs to be done accomplished |
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Term
Between __ and __% of supervisees reported being attracted to a client
___ & ___% did not discuss this in supervision |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one who holds a position of authority or direct control over another can be legally liable for the damages of another suffered as a result of the negligence of the subordinate |
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Term
| A malpractice suit consists of “four D’s” |
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Definition
| “Dereliction of a Duty Directly causing Damages.” |
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