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Definition
| are the means...rule-oriented talk (Kant) |
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| ends- outcome oriented talk (Utilitarianism) |
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| What happened as a result of the Baby Jane Doe case? |
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Definition
| Parents didn't want the child to have surgery b/c her life would be meaningless. Right to life group and Dept. of Justice forced the surgery to be performed... |
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| What are the benefits of Jane Doe not having the surgery? |
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Definition
No one would benefit from the surgery
Medical procedures that benefit no one shouldn't be performed |
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| What is the sanctity of life (for surgery) argument in the case of Baby Jane Doe? |
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Definition
Every human life is sacred
Thus every human should be given whatever they need medically to survive
Surgery could save Baby Jane Doe's life
Thus, surgery should be performed |
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| What is the Discrimination against the handicapped argument in the case of Baby Jane doe? |
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Definition
It's wrong to discriminate against handicapped
Belief that refusal to operate against Baby Jane Doe is discrimination against handicapped
Thus, operation should be performed |
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| What was the outcome...who won? |
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Definition
Parents won and the surgery wasn't performed.
Girl prospered and by age 5 was in a handicapped school using a wheel chair. |
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Term
| Moral judgments must be backed by reasoning involving...(2 things) |
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Definition
evaluative principles
factual considerations |
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Definition
Aristotle idea
Major Premise
Minor Premise
Conclusion
• MAJOR PREMISE:
Human beings should be treated equally
• MINOR PREMISE:
Women are human beings
• CONCLUSION:
Women should be treated equally |
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Definition
The minimum concept of ethical morality is to guide one’s conduct by reasoning and to give equal weight to the interests of others who may be affected by our decisions.
"Willing to have your conduct guided by reasoning and are able to weigh both sides of the arguments" |
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Term
Why study ethics?
6 reasons... |
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Definition
1) To stimulate the moral imagination
2) to recognize ethical issues
3) to develop analytical skills
4) to elicit a sense of moral obligation
5) to elicit a sense of personal responsibility
6) to increase toleration for disagreement |
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Term
| Why do some people say studying ethics is stupid |
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Definition
creates more problem than it solves...
academic moral training isn't realistic like the real work
students in academy are too old to be morally effected by the study of ethics. |
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Term
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Definition
| everyone has an opinion and there are no moral disputes. But, this theory does not make much sense because we still argue over who is right. We use moral reasoning to determine what is ethically correct. |
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| The idea that those who make moral judgments are really commanding you to follow to their belief. But Rachels says this is not necessarily true because moral judgments are back by reasoning! |
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| Choosing between two different extremes and not overdoing it or underdoing it |
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Definition
Understanding that there are some things human need...food, sleep, shelter..etc.
Relating to humans. |
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| Moral agents check the principles in their actions and decide if they want them applied UNIVERSALLY! |
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Definition
| Greatest good for the greatest number |
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| make a decision like you don't know who it affects. |
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| your actions depend on the situation you are in and every situation has a different outcome. |
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| Do to others what you want done to you...treat others the way you want to be treated |
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Definition
| Deontological theory, teleological theory, virtue theory |
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Definition
| ends don't justify means...you can't do wrong things to achieve good outcomes |
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Definition
| as long as the end result is good it doesn't matter what means you take to get there |
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Definition
| What is the best judgment between extremes |
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Term
Using the Moral Principles and Theory to make Ethical Decision:
IMPORTANT CARD!!!! |
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Definition
• A) Empirically define the problem
• B) Identify associated values
• C) Identify ethical principles
• D) Choose loyalties
• E) Make a judgment or define policy
• F) assess impact (look at the result) |
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Definition
everything is in existence for a purpose
Rachels says its a bad way to look at things because somethings are meant to be and others aren't |
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Term
| Greeks were morally obliged to .... Callatians were... |
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Definition
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| Morality differs in every society and is a convenient term for socially approved habits. (Ruth Benedict) |
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Term
| Why is the Cultural Differences argument unsound? |
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Definition
because sometimes the conclusion doesn't follow the factual premise.
Sometimes cultures believe things that just aren't factually true...like ancient greeks believing the earth was flat! |
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Term
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Definition
| Saying that something isn't true because the outcome is absurd... |
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Term
| Why are greeks and callations not so different? |
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Definition
| Because they both want to honor the dead...they just have different ways of doing so. just a 'surface difference' |
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Term
| What do we learn from cultural relativism? |
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Definition
1) tolerance of diversity
2) retain the right of mutual criticism through cultural relativism |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to relativism...morals are relative to individuals!!!! not just cultures!!!! no right or wrong perse, just right for sally and wrong for james. |
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Term
| Threats of the Internet (Information Age) |
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Definition
More moral agents providing news and making ethical media decisions
Lack of privacy and more private information being relieced
Theft of intellectual property |
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Term
| Media should be socially responsible but what is the two-step process media practitioners can go through to acquire responsible attitudes? |
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Definition
1) Promote positive corporate image
2) community involvement by getting employees to partake in civic affairs and provide corporate financial support for community projects. |
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Term
| A system of ethics is esential for any civilization because |
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Definition
1) building trust and cooperation among individuals in society
2) serving as a moral gatekeeper in apprising society of moral values
3) acting as a moral arbitrator in resolving conflicting claims based on individual self-interests
4) improving society's moral ecology
5) clairfying for society the competing values and principles inherent in emerging in emerging andnovel moral dilemmas |
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Term
| What is Aristotle's Moral philosophy referred to as? |
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Definition
| Virtue Ethics...based on the theory of the golden mean (virtue lay between the extremes of excess and dificiency..overdoing or underdoing something |
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Term
| Care-based ethics relates to which moral theory... |
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Definition
| Golden Rule-do unto others as you would have them do to you. Often referred to as reversibility |
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Term
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Definition
Situation Definition (what is the ethical issue?)
Analysis of the Situation (pros and cons according to various values and principles)
Decision (make one and defend using moral theory) |
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Term
| Three Components that are essential in Journalistic Truth |
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Definition
1) the reporting of a story must be accurate
2) the reporting of a story should promote understanding
3) the reporting should be fair and balanced |
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