Term
| What are two questions at the beginning of "Meno" and what do they imply? |
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Definition
| "What is virtue?", and "Can virtue be taught?". They imply that virtue is not simply passed on and that maybe it's above human discretion. |
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Term
| What is Meno's paradox? What is it's solution? How is it connected to virtue? |
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Definition
| "If you don't know what you're looking for, how will you find it? And if you already know what it is, why are you looking?" This means that learning is remembering, and if we have access to remembering, then we have access to virtue. |
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Term
| What is "aporia? and how does it apply to ethics? |
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Definition
| Aporia is admitting to your own ignorance. This can help you think from an unbiased standpoint and make more level-headed decisions about what's right. |
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Term
| Who does Anytos say qualifies as a good teacher of virtue, and what does Socrates say in response? |
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Definition
| Anytos says that any nobleman can be a good teacher of virtue. Socrates says that many nobleman have failed at passing on virtue to their sons. |
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Term
| How is virtue defined at the end of "Meno"? |
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Definition
| Virtue is divinely dispensed. It defines us, we don't define it. It's unteachable by man. |
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Term
| What are the 4 significant moments in "The Allegory of the Cave" |
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Definition
| The prisoner's being chained (perceiving falsely due to imperfect interpretation of reality and goodness), stepping into the light (seeing true reality, not wanting to accept it, and wanting to go back to false reality), returning to the cave, and the obligation to return to the cave(feeling sympathy for the others and wanting to go back and show them true reality). |
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Term
| In Aristotle's book 1 of Nicomachean Ethics, what question is ethics concerned with and what is the answer to the question? |
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Definition
| What is the final good of everything that is done? "Happiness and Rationality" |
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Term
| What is the concept of eudaemonia? |
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Definition
| Everything done is conducive to happiness. |
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Term
| In Aristotle's Book 2 of Nicomachean Ethics, what is the concept of the mean? |
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Definition
| The concept of the mean states that the virtue is found in between excess and lack of a certain quality. |
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Term
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Definition
a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, that mean relative to the
individual determined by a rational principle that and by that principle by which of practical
principle would determine it. |
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Term
| What is State of Character? |
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Definition
| Purposive disposition; the inclination to act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Willfully deciding to carry out an action. It's not solely based on instinct |
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Term
| What is practical wisdom? |
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Definition
| Knowledge on how to achieve the highest aims in ways that cannot be reduced to scientific truths |
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Term
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Definition
| Prudence is a disposition with true reason and ability for actions concerning human goods; otherwise known as temperance. |
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Term
| Differentiate between choice and wish. |
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Definition
| To wish involves no deliberation about future outcomes nor does it involves means for accomplishment. Choice involves means and deliberation. |
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Term
| Aristotle says: "To not plan for future outcomes is a _______ of ________. |
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Definition
| To not plan for future outcomes is a failure of morality. |
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Term
| Is ethics a science? Explain why. |
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Definition
| Ethics is not a science, not is it an art. It's not a science because there are no universal rules that can be applied to every situation identically for the right outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continence is being able to follow through with your actions |
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Term
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Definition
| It's Aristotle's idea of the major cause of moral failure; knowing the right thing to do but still not doing it. |
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Term
| What's the difference between Plato's and Aristotle's idea of the major source of moral failure? |
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Definition
| Plato thinks ignorance is the major source of moral failure, whereas Aristotle thinks that incontinence is the major source of moral failure. |
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Term
| In book 7 of Nicomachean Ethics, how does pleasure relate to everyday activities? |
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Definition
| Pleasure is not the main goal of everything we do, but it is associated in |
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Term
| List and describe the 3 types of friendship? |
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Definition
| Friendship of Utility (Being friends for physical benefits), friendship of pleasure (being friends for the enjoyment of one's company), and true friendship (being friends purely due to a genuine liking for the person. This type of friendship is based around shared values and is focused on commitment to good.) |
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Term
| What is Kant's idea of a good will? |
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Definition
| Kant says that good will is based solely on intentions and not on ends or consequences. It is free of consequences and desires. |
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Term
| What are the 1st and 2nd formulations of the categorical imperative? |
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Definition
| 1. Act in such a way where the action can be captured as a maxim that can be understood as a universal law. 2. All people should be treated as ends not means |
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