Term
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Definition
| involves skills, knowledge and diligence (Welfel); exists on a continuum |
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Term
| CACREP core classes to show competence (10 areas) |
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Definition
| professional orientation, research, ethics, cultural diversity, development, career development, helping relationships, group work, assessment and program evaluation |
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Term
| What is the most important moral principle associated with competence? |
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Definition
| Non-maleficence; incompetence major cause of harm to client |
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Term
| What is the most basic ethical standard related to competence in the ACA Code? |
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Definition
| Practice only within the boundaries of their competence. |
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Term
| What are the legal issues related to competence? |
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Definition
| State licensure, law of malpractice, |
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Term
| What is the second most common ethical complaint (just after dual relationships!)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the roots of counselor preparation and competence begin? |
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Definition
| Begins with the selection of candidates for counselor ed programs; programs act as gatekeepers; combo of personal attributes and academic ability; tolerance, values openness |
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Term
| What are two of the main organizations that govern competency standards for counselor education? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two main types of credentialing found in counseling? |
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Definition
| Licensure and certification; |
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Term
| Licensure: what is it related to other credentials |
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Definition
| refers to the most rigorous form of regulation; state regulation of a profession; only those that are licensed may practice the profession in a state |
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Term
| certification: what is it and how it relates to other credentials |
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Definition
| Refers to the title of , such as 'professional counselor', can only be used by those who are certified, but anyone can practice without being certified; NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CREDENTIALS & STATE DEPT of school counselors |
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Term
| registration: what is it and how it relates |
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Definition
| it is the process of 'signing up' with the government if one practices a profession in a state but anyone can be registered regardless of a review of the credentials. |
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Term
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Definition
| private company that offers voluntary certification |
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Term
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Definition
| most powerful type of credntial; established by state law. legislators agree to license a professional group to determine who is competent to practice and that others could cause harm if incompetent. ATTEMPT TO ENSURE COMPETENCE |
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Term
| What happens when a state passes a licensing law for counseling? |
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Definition
| creates a minimum standard for becomign licnesd to practice in that state. |
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Term
| Which groups often apply pressure to oppose a counseling licensure statute? |
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Definition
economists say it restricts entry into professions and causes fees to rise.
Other helping professions do not want licensed counselors as competition for business, so demand high standards. |
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Term
| Which groups want licensure laws set low in states for counselors? |
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Definition
| People already practicing without a license. They are often 'grandparented' in to practice with a license. |
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Term
| What is the result of varying statutes regarding licensure? |
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Definition
| Each state has different rules governing counseling licensure. HOWEVER most follow standards of CACREP and NBCC. |
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Term
| What are the similarities between the states in terms of expectations for counselors preparation? |
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Definition
| All require a masters degree, some level of post grad supervision and experience and a successful examination or other screening. |
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Term
| What certification implies? |
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Definition
| Levels of support for competence; some are mandatory (school counselors); some voluntary NCC; demonstrates competence and preparation in key areas |
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Term
| Who carries the burden of ongoing maintenance of competence for counselors? |
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Definition
| The counselor according to ACA ethical code. Must limit themselves to working in area of competence |
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Term
| Suggested options for counselors to maintain competence: |
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Definition
Continuing education: most licensure boards and certification boards have CEU requirements.
Peer Review: system of professionals assessing service's of one another.
Information technologies: virtual libraries, research, videoconferencing, listservs. |
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Term
| What are competence concerns around internet and technology as it relates to counseling? |
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Definition
| Few ways to regulate service or evaluate competence of providers |
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Term
| What is the ethical mandate for counselor when they determine they cannot adequately help a client? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why don't counselors always refer? |
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Definition
| don't want to lose business, disappoint a client, lose an existing client, recognize when a problem is outside area of competence |
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Term
| Can a counselor refuse services to a client because they disapprove of that client's personal attributes or choice? |
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Definition
| No, only if they determine they are unable to provide service or abilities; may not discriminate against a client |
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Term
| where does more work need to be done to increase sensitivity to diverse clients? |
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Definition
| research shows that white counselors must seek out experiences that allow them to interact with those who are culturally different than they are. |
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Term
| Why is burnout commonplace in the counseling profession? |
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Definition
| "loan of self" one way nature of counseling profession- 82% of psychotherapists reported one time of psychic distress |
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Term
| What are symptoms of counselor distress? |
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Definition
| anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, lowered self esteem, feelings of helplessness |
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Term
| What symptoms signal counselor burn-out? |
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Definition
| 'physical, emotional and mental exhaustion" negative attitudes toward self and work, low energy |
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Term
| What is counselor impairment? |
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Definition
| counselors who are unable to overcome periods of stress, unable to perform their responsibilities or client care; associated with blurred boundaries-alcohol or drug use |
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Term
| What environmental factors affect impairment? |
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Definition
| personal loss, vicarious traumatazation, compassion fatigue and preexisting personal conditions (unresolved problems) or addictions, depression |
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Term
| What personal characteristics make counselors vulnerable to impairment? |
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Definition
| Perfectionism, parentification (responsibility for others), imposter feelings and self-doubt and audience sensitivity |
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Term
| What kinds of clients promote counselor stress? |
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Definition
| Clients who are/have: suicidal tendencies, sex offenders, abusers, personality disorders |
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Term
| What are ethical guidelines if a counselor believes he/she is impaired? |
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Definition
| Stop offering counseling services, if a colleague is impaired, intervene as appropriate |
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Term
| What are some signs of counselor impairment? |
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Definition
| relationship deterioration, isolation, disillusionment, emotional distancing, substance abuse, mood change, errors |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of civil lawsuit that can be filed against professionals for practicing in a manner that leads to injury to a recipient of their services |
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Term
| Malpractice suits as they relate to counseling |
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Definition
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Term
| What proves a client's case for malpractice? 5 things |
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Definition
the counselor had a duty to use care in providing services.
counselor failed to give requried care.
client was injured.
there was a causal connection between counselor care and cient injury
client suffered actual loss |
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Term
| What appears to be the common reasons most mental health professonals are sued? |
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Definition
| sexual relationships with clients and next, situations around attempted or completed suicide of clients. |
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Term
| What are measures to prevent suicide attempts? |
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Definition
| A thorough risk assessment, involving client's family or support, voluntary hosptialization. |
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Term
| Which group's suicide rates are called 'soaring'? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do current trends suggest in terms of counselor's liability regarding suicide of students? |
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Definition
| University and college mental health professionals may be held more accountable in future for adult student suicides |
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Term
| What standard does the law impose on mental health professionals regarding suicide assessment? |
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Definition
| That counselors practicing in all settings know how to accurately determine a client's risk of suicide |
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Term
| What steps should a counselor take if unsure about suicidality of client? |
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Definition
| Consult, seek supervision, document all steps, require that the client submit to evaluation, refer client to physician. |
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Term
| What is the best predictor for warning signs that a person is likely to commit harm to others? |
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Definition
| past violent behavior; domestic partner violence |
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Term
| What is the national standard regarding duty to warn intended victims? |
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Definition
| No national standard BUT after Tarasoff, ACA has language that makes it a national concept to warn victims except in Texas. |
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Term
| What are a counselor's obligation with regard to AIDS/HIV positive clients who put others at risk by behavior? |
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Definition
| Statutes vary; evaluate case by case; seek consultation; high level of mistrust in some groups of clients at risk for HIV; |
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