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| Previous Concupiscence increases the freedom of the act |
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| A present difficult evil, generates in the irascible appetite "audacity" |
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| The goal pursued by the agent makes an action good when, considered in itself, it is bad |
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| Moral virtues are the ones which perfect intellect |
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| It is morally mandatory to fulfill the obligations established by all positive laws |
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| "Hurry" is vice clearly opposed to prudence |
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| Positivism -in all its types- holds that there is no objective moral order and that morality is only a consequence of man´s or God´s will |
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| Previous ignorance is the cause of the action |
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| Philosophically: a moral act is a good human act |
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| The acts of fortitude are to [attack] and [Resist] |
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| The internal act of the will cannot be forced by anyone |
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| A law is an ordinance of the will |
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| All voluntary acts are free |
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| Invincibly wrong conscience may never be the subjective rule for human actions |
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| The first and essential morality for a human act comes from the goal pursued by the agent |
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| An elicited human act is the one which is propper to a specific power |
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| Consequent concupiscence arises from the will |
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| Violence is a motion proceeding from an intrinsic principle, against the tendency of the one/thing who/ that suffers it |
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| Justice is the constant and perpetual will to |
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| Give to others what is owed |
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| Absolutely serious fear excuses from an intrinsically evil action |
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| Temper is the habitual outcome of multiple physical, psychological and environmental influences which contribute to shape man´s moral personality |
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| The objective foundation of the rule of morality is man´s right reason |
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| The "execution" element is not necessary for a human action to be complete |
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| There are three types of classes of supreme and complete morality: good, bad and indifferent |
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| An "allowed" action is always wanted |
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| Wisdom is the moral virtue with inclines speculative intellect to deduce, by their proximate causes, the conclusions which derive from known principles |
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| Integral parts of a virtue are the types in which a cardinal virtue is divided |
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| TO be morally licit, an action that has two effects - one good and the other, bad - requires an honest purpose |
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| Ignorance is lack of knowledge in a capable subject |
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| An indirect voluntary action is the one by which the agent pursues the effect produced by the action |
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| An action carried out with current fear is not free, nor voluntary |
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| Someone who does not have a duty to prevent the bad effect of an action, may be responsible for that effect if he/she causes it indirectly |
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| Knowledge is one of the four element of passions |
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| According to the subject, the end of a human action can be |
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| COnscience is a judgement of practical reason |
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Definition
a. True (the judgement of practial reason regarding the morality of the action that
we are about to carry out that we have carried out already). |
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| Elements of justice are "alterity", strict debt and exact equality |
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Definition
| "alterity", strict debt and exact equality |
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| Justice is a cardinal virtue |
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| Subjective parts of justice are "commutative", distributive justice and legal justice |
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| Gross vincible ignorance happens when the action is carried out with some insufficient diligence |
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| Natural law is called "natural" because it can be found in all natural beings |
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| Because of its extension, a good can be |
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| The quality (or condition) of the person that carries out (or suffers) the action, is not a circumstance that may effect the substancial morality of the action |
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| Eternal Law is unchangeable |
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| The most universal precept of natural law cannot be ignored |
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| Current ignorance excuses from that which is ignored |
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Definition
(bond to the action carried out or planned to be carried out (ignorance or
not, action is/will be carried out). Not cause of the action) |
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| An absent good, generates in the concupiscible appetite, desire |
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| There is no human or deliberated act which is morally indifferent, considered concretely |
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| A moral act can be objectively bad, although subjectively the agent may not be responsible for it |
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