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| means that we believe that there are definitive, true moral rules and codes that apply to all peoples at all times. |
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weakness = lies in the supported attempt to describe the nature of morality
Stregnth = requires the least amount of critical self-examination |
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| we can never genuinely know anything objective about morality. |
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| moral right and wrong are always relative to a choice of moral framework |
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| when we judge a particular perspective, belief, or position on the basis of how we think or feel about the person who holds that beleif. |
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| argument from ignorance, that is, ignorance of any evidence to the contary! |
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| relying upon majority opinion |
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| if we justify actions because they happend to be the traditional practice, then we commit the gross error of assuming that what is traditional is morally justifiable. |
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| we need to be careful to avoid thinking of moral rules as being absolute, that is, applied literally in every given situation at all times and in all cultures. |
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| when we apply certain rules and principles in a particular case that involves others, while at the same time we do not apply the same rules and principles to ourselves when we act in a similar fashion. |
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| presenting things in a false either/or way...complex issues do not lead to simple answers |
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| we often pass judgement on an issue before we adequately understand it. we cant possibly know all the facts. we need to know and understand the facts suffciently enough before we make a moral evaluation. |
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| Steps to moral reasoning: step 1 = know the facts |
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| we need to sift through as much detail and evidence as we can regarding an issue. the more informed we are about an issue, the better position we are in to more poperly evaluate it. |
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| steps to moral reasoning: step 2 = veiw these facts from various perspectives |
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| we are not entitled to evaluate the beliefs and practices of other culures unless we make an effort to understand those beliefs and practices and not evaluated them from our own frames of reference |
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| steps to moral reasoning: step 3 = identify the moral issue |
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| What are the key issues at stake? we must ensure that we know what the moral issues are. |
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| we should act in such a way that produces, in the long run, the greatest good for the greatest number of people. |
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