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Ethics 1
Intro to Ethics
38
Other
Graduate
07/21/2013

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Term
Four sources of ethics
Definition
(PERL)
a. *Philosophy*
b. Experience
c. Religion
d. Law
Term
Define Ethics
Definition
Nature of Morality (right and wrong)
Term
Which kind of statements expresses value judgments/use standards?
Definition
Normative = applied ethics
Term
Who ought we to be?
Definition
Virtue Ethics
Term
What ought we to do?
Definition
Deontology (duty)
Term
What ought to happen?
Definition
Utilitarianism (outcomes)
Term
What way of thinking believes that philosophy can determine how we should think about ethics and what is the tool that is used?
Definition
Reason

Tool: Logic
Term
4 Criteria for evaluating an ET:
Definition
(UCPJ)

1. Usefulness
2. Consistency
3. Plausibility (intention)
4. Justification
Term
Utilitarianism falls under the broader concept of ________________
Definition
Consequentialism
Term
Aristotle
Definition
Which person from ancient times is associated most closely with Virtue ethics?
Term
What is the RESULT of good character?
Definition
Good Actions
Term
Golden Mean
Definition
Mean between 2 vices or
Moderation between 2 extremes
excess & defect
Term
If there are problems/weaknesses that can be found in all ethical theories, how can one manage to still benefit from them? (3)
Definition
a.Identify with the virtues
b.Dealing with conflicting virtues
c.Apply virtue theory to moral dilemmas
Term
Which ethical theory focuses upon the type of act that one is obligated to perform?
Definition
Deontology (duty)
Term
2 versions of Deontology
Definition
1. Kantianism
2. Ross' Prima Facie duty
Term
Who is most closely associated with deontology?
Definition
Immanuel Kant
Term
What do we use in this ethical theory to develop rules? (3)
Definition
1. Imperatives
2. Reason to develop good will
3. Action must be good itself
Term
Universalizability
Definition
a)We can generalize our reasons for everyone

b)Actions must be performed with a good will

c)Our action is our duty. It is our moral obligation
Term
To do something from duty is to do it with a ____ ____. This is the indispensable condition necessary for happiness.
Definition
GOOD WILL
Term
If a rule applies to everyone all of the time, what is it called?
Definition
IMPERATIVE
Term
“If you want x, do y"
Definition
Hypothetical Imperative
Term
Categorical Imperative
Definition
Absolute. No exceptions. “you must always do x"
Term
We cover two versions of Kant’s categorical imperative. The key word of the first is UNIVERSAL. The key word of the second version is _____.
Definition
RESPECT
Term
“Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a(n) _______ law”
Definition
UNIVERSAL
Term
What assumption does Kant make about humanity?
Definition
People inherently have value
Term
Which code condemned Nazi’s guilty of research motivated abuse of people (abuse which happened during WWII)?
Definition
Nuremberg
Term
LOVE
Definition
Kant's theory lacks and emphasis on this
Term
ETHICAL EGOISM
Definition
Consequentialism that focuses on the consequenses to self (Ayn Rand)
Term
UTILITARIANISM
Definition
Type of Consequentialism that focuses on consequenses to the group
Term
Which two words (principles) best describe ‘good’ for a utilitarian?
Definition
UTILITY

&

HAPPINESS
Term
Who founded the ethical theory of Utilitarianism?
Definition
JEREMY BENTHAM
Term
Who advocated women’s equality, defended individual liberty, and promoted higher pleasures?
Definition
John Stuart Mill
Term
ACT Utilitarianism
Definition
Looks at the consequences of the individual act (all consequences are measured)
Term
RULE Utilitarianism
Definition
Consequences of everyone following one rule
Term
Do motives count for a Utilitarian?
Definition
No – outcomes matter most
Term
W.D. Ross
Definition
Person closely associated with Prima Facie Duty
Term
'At First Sight'
Definition
"Prima Facie” literally means
Term
Describe what must be done when one faces competing moral duties.
Definition
a.Weigh and determine which is the actual duty
b.Problem: based on intuition, everyone having the same moral development
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