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Esthetics - Nutrition
Basics of Nutrition
108
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Professional
04/26/2010

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Term
Nutritional needs
Definition
depend on a variety of factors such as age, sex, weight, physical activity and body type.
Term
The USDA 
Definition
is the govermental department that regulates nutrition-related affairs.
Term
Diseases or Medications
Definition
can affect the ability to digest food and interrupt the normal process of nutrients reaching the bloodstream and, consequently, the cells.
Term
Healthy Skin begins with
Definition
a good diet and water intake.
Term
Skin disorders, fatigue, stress, depression and some diseases are often the result of a 
Definition

Poorly Balanced Diet

.

Term
Macronutrients
Definition
make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in.
Term
Protiens are chains of              molecules used by every cell of the body to make other usable protiens.
Definition
amino acid
Term
Proteins contain
Definition
all essential information that controls the functions of every living cell.
Term
Plant sources aren't complete proteins, because
Definition
they lack at least one of the essential amino acids.
Term
Complementary Foods are
Definition
combinations of 2 incomplete proteins that provide all theessential amino acids and make a complete protein.
Term
Dietary sources of protein come from 
Definition
animal meats, fish, egg, dairy, nuts, grains and beans.
Term
Polysaccharides are also called
Definition
complex carbohydrates. They are carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Term
Carbohydrates are compounds that
Definition
break down the basic chemical sugars and supply energy for the body. The three basic types of carbohydrates are simple sugars, starches and fiber.
Term
Saturated fats come mainly from 
Definition
Animal Sources, meat and Dairy.
Term
Obesity is determined by a 
Definition
BMI of 30 or greater.
Term
Lipids/Fats assist in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins
Definition
A, D, E and K.
Term
Triglycerides are
Definition
the main fats in foods.
Term
Starches are present in many 
Definition
grains, cereals, bread and flour products.
Term
Dietitians generally believe that ____% of all calories should be obtained from carbohydrates.
Definition
55-60
Term
Protein requirements range from _______ percent.
Definition
15-20
Term
Enzymes are
Definition
biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins.
Term
Mucopolysaccharides are
Definition
carbohydrte lipid complexes that are good water binders.
Term
______________ are macronutrients.
Definition
Fats or Lipids
Term
Trans Fatty Acids can increase the bad type of cholesterol in theblood known as 
Definition

LDL or Low Density Lipoprotein

.

Term
________________________are a good type of cholesterol in the blood.
Definition
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Term
Carbohydrates break down the
Definition
basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body.
Term
Glucose is stored in the
Definition
muscles and liver as glycogen.
Term
Mucopolysaccharides are present in the
Definition
dermis as glycosaminoglycans.
Term
Simple Sugars   include
Definition
sucrose, fructose, and lactose.
Term
Polysaccharides include
Definition
starch and fiber.
Term
Fiber is needed for
Definition
proper digestion.
Term
Starches include
Definition
cereals, breads, other flour products, potatoes, rice, and pasta.
Term
_________  reduce materials in the body into carbon dioxide, water, and unnecessary end products that are excreted.
Definition
Enzymes
Term
                        is a type of good fat.
Definition
Omega-3
Term
_____________are also called micronutrients.
Definition
Vitamins
Term
Ideally, the nutrients the body needs for proper functioning and survival should come primarily from the ____________
Definition
foods we eat.
Term
Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are generally present in _______ within foods.
Definition
fats
Term
Vitamins fall into 2 categories: 
Definition
Fat and Water Soluble.
Term
__________ is necessary for proper eyesight.
Definition
Vitamin A
Term
Vitamin A is a group of compounds called _______________.
Definition
retinoids
Term
____________ is sometimes called the sunshine Vitamin.
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
The main function of Vitamin D is to enable the body to ___________.
Definition
absorb/use calcium
Term
Vitamin E or ________ is primarily an antioxidant.
Definition
Tocopherol
Term
______________ is essential for the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood coagulation.
Definition
Vitamin K
Term
Water soluble _______________benefit the inside of cells.
Definition
vitamins B and C
Term

The 8 B Vitamins:

 

Definition

Niacin

Riboflavin

Thiamine

Pyriodoxine

Biotin

Folic Acid

Pantothenic

Cobalamine

Term
______________ is a water soluble vitamin that works with enzymes to produce energy in cells.
Definition
Riboflavin or B2
Term
___________ is required for the manufacture of Steroids/red blood cells by the body.
Definition
Niacin
Term
____________ removes carbon dioxide from cells and converts carbohydrate stored as fats.
Definition
Thiamine or B1
Term
_______________ is also known as folic acid which processes amino acids.
Definition
Eolacin
Term
__________ is involved in energy formation by cells as well as in the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids.
Definition
Riboflavin
Term
__________________ is an antioxidant that helps protect the body from many forms of oxidation and free radical induced problems.
Definition
Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid
Term
Liver, Salmon, clams, oysters, and egg yolks are good sources of ________________.
Definition
Cobalamine or B12.
Term
Vitamin C deficiency can cause a disease called __________.
Definition
Scurvy.
Term
 ____________are inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body.
Definition
Minerals
Term
_______________ are referred to as Vitamin P, which enhance absorbsion of vitamin C.
Definition
Bioflavonoids
Term
______________moves carbon dioxide and regulates the water levels and the transport of materials through the cell membranes.
Definition
Sodium
Term
Iron, Zinc, Copper, Chronium, Fluoride, Selenium, and Manganese are all _______________.
Definition
Trace Minerals.
Term
Walking burns _________ calories per hour.
Definition
280
Term
Running burns _______ calories per hour.
Definition
590
Term
 ______________helps with energy and the metabolism of glucose; aids in the sythesis of fats and protiens.
Definition
Chromium
Term
_____________ is a deficiency disease due to the lack of Vitamin D.
Definition
Rickets
Term
__________ are inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and the body.
Definition
Minerals
Term
_______ is important in the activation of folacin, fatty acid sythesis, and DNA sythesis.
Definition
B12
Term
__________________ are used in almost every metabolic reaction and then are excreted.
Definition
Water soluble vitamins
Term
_______________ vitamins are stored in the body.
Definition
Fat Soluble
Term
________________ can cause pellagra, a disease that affects the skin, mental functions, intestinal tract, and may even cause death.
Definition
Niacin deficiencies
Term
Excess ___________ may trigger acne.
Definition
Iodine
Term
All clients who have serious questions about nutritional issues should be referred to a ______________________
Definition
registered dietitian.
Term
The only way to loose weight is to burn more calories than you ____________.
Definition
consume
Term
Vitamins and Mineral supplements are no substitute for ________________.
Definition
proper nutrition
Term
_______________ are grown without pesticides or harsh chemicals.
Definition
Organic foods
Term
Water composes __________percent of the body's weight.
Definition
50-70
Term
___________ aids in proper digestion, elimination of toxins and waste, and regulation of the body's temperature.
Definition
Pure water
Term
The amount of water needed by an individual varies, depending on _______________________________________ On average you take your weight divided by 2 and then by 8 to determine water consumption.
Definition
body weight and level of daily physical activity.
Term
________________ can be caused by certain diets that are harmful to the body.
Definition
Chemical imbalances
Term
A 2 percent drop in _________can trigger fuzzy short-term memory, trouble with basic math, and difficulty focusing on a computer screen or printed page.
Definition
water
Term
 ____________flare-ups can be triggered by spicy foods and alcohol consumption.
Definition
Rosacea
Term
___________________ don't use sythetic fertilizers.
Definition
Organic foods
Term
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): 
Definition
the substance that provide energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide, a waste product we breathe out.
Term
Amino Acids: 
Definition
Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein.
Term
Arteriosclerosis: 
Definition
Clogging and hardening of the arteries.
Term
Bioflavonoids:
Definition
biologically active flavonoids; also called vitamin P considered an aid to healthy skin and found most abundantly in citrus fruits.
Term
B Vitamins (Definition):
Definition
these water soluble vitamins interact with other water soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes (catalysts) by facilitating enzymatic reactions. B Vitamins include niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine, folacin, biotin, cobalamine and panthothenic acid.
Term
Calories:
Definition
a measure of heat units; measures food energy for the body.
Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):
Definition
the blueprint material of genetic information; contains all the information that controls the function of every living cell.
Term
Disaccharides:
Definition
Sugars made up of 2 simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose.
Term
Enzymes: 
Definition
Catalysts that break down complex food molecules to utilize extracted energy.
Term
Fats/Lipids:
Definition
macronutrients used to produce energy in the body; the materials in the sebaceous glands thatlubricate the skin.
Term
Glycosaminoglycans:
Definition
a water binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.
Term
Hypoglycemia:
Definition
a condition in which the blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low; caused by either too much insulin or low food intake.
Term
Linoleic acid: 
Definition
omega6, an essential fatty acid used to make important hormones; also part of the skin's lipid barrier.
Term
Macronutrients: 
Definition
nutrients that make up thelargest part of the nutrition we take in; the three basic food groups: protein, carbohydrates and fats.
Term
Micronutrients: 
Definition
vitamins and substances that have no calories or nutritional value, yet are essential for body functions.
Term
Minerals:
Definition
inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body.
Term
Monosaccharides:
Definition
carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.
Term
Mucopolysaccharides:
Definition
carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders.
Term
Nonessential amino acids: 
Definition
amino acids that can besythesized by the body and do not have to be obtained from the diet.
Term
Omega3 fatty acids: 
Definition
alphalinolenic acid; a type of good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular diseases. It is also an anti-inflammatory and beneficial for the skin.
Term
Osteroporosis:
Definition
a thinning of the bones, leaving them fragile and prone to fractures; caused by the reabsorption of calcium into the blood.
Term
Polysaccharides:
Definition
carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Term
Proteins:
Definition
chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth.
Term
Retinoic acid (Retin A):
Definition
a vitamin A derivative. It has demonstrated an activity to alter collagen sythesis and is used to treat acne and visble signs of aging. Side effects are irritation, photosensitivity, skin dryness, redness and peeling.
Term
Vitamin A (retinol): 
Definition
an antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of the skin cells.
Term
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): 
Definition
an antioxidant vitamin needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues.
Term
Vitamin D:
Definition
fat soluble vitamin sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because the skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to the sunlight. Essential for growth and development.
Term
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): 
Definition
primarliy an antioxidant; helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's rays.
Term
Vitamin K:
Definition
vitamin responsible for the sythesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation.
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