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Essentials of Comparative Politics
Final - chaps 8-11
26
Political Studies
Undergraduate 4
12/06/2009

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Term
Newly Industrialized Countries
Definition
3rd world countries that have experienced dramatic rates of economic growth and industrialization. EX: S. Korea, Parts of Latin America and Asia
Term
Less Developed Countries
Definition
lack of significant economic development or political institutionalization. EX: Ghana
Term
empires
Definition
single political authorities that have under their sovereighty a large number of external regions or territories of different ppls
Term
Imperialism
Definition
state extendes its power to directly control territory, resources, and ppl beyond its borders
Term
colonialism
Definition
a greater (than imperialism) degree of physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses,or settlers
Term
Imperialism (more detailed)
Definition
- propogated by European powers
- driven by economic, strategic,and religious motives
- usually leads to colonialism
Term
Institutions of Imperialism
Definition
- the state (as a form of political org)
- created ethnic and national identities
- gender roles
Term
consequences of state institutions (under Imperialism)
Definition
- leads to pop explosion due to rise of public goods and/or higher living standards
- local religions and customs eroded
- created a "limbo" because the territory is not fully intergrated into the modern system nor is it apart of the premodern system any longer
Term
Social Institutions (under Imperialism)
Definition
inequality and ethnicity became tightly interconnected
Term
economic Imperialistic Institutions
Definition
- traditional agricultural economies transformed into cash-based economies
- free trade often supressed as colonies are forced to trade and supply goods to the imperial countries.
Term
neocolonialism
Definition
a dependancy on formal colonial powers for economic stability
Term
Economic Growth (for NICs, LDCs)
Definition
Import Substitution, Export Oriented, Sturctural Adjustment
Term
Import Substitution
Definition
-based upon mercantilism
- state plays a strong role in the economy
- tarriff and non-tarriff barriers are used to restrict imports
- creates "hothouse" economies with large industries reliant on the state and unable to compete in international markets
Term
Export Oriented
Definition
-based upon mercantilism
- state plays a strong role in the economy
- tarriff barriers are used to protect domestic industries
- economic markets focused on industries that have a niche in international markets
- leads generally to a higher level of economic development
Term
Stuctural Adjustment
Definition
- based upon liberalism
- state involvment is reduced as economy is opened up
-foreign investment is encouraged
- often follows import substitution
- is a tool of neocolonialism and is generally a failure in bringing substantial economic development.
Term
non-governmental organizations
Definition
national and international groups, independant of any state, that pursue policy objectives and faster public public participation.
Term
3 needs of LDCs
Definition
1. Rebuilding state power (state capacity v. state autonomy)
2. Supporting civil society (help from NGOs)
3. Promoting economic Prosperity
Term
informal economy
Definition
segment of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state. EX: street vendors, the self-employed,
- doesnt generate tax revenues
- informal workers are not regulated by labor laws
- creates a lack of capital needed to expand
Term
2 ways to break the cycle of an informal economy
Definition
1. develop strong property rights (which allows for the development of credit)
2. microcredit/microfinance: a system involving borrowing groups - when that group begins to make payments it generates enough capital for the next group to get loans
Term
globalization
Definition
the process of interconnection between countries, linkages between states, societies, and economies.
Term
Nonstate organizations and globalization
Definition
1. Multinational Corporations
2. Intergovernmental Organizations
3. Nongovernmental Organizations
Term
Multinational Corporations and globalization
Definition
firms that produce, distribute, and market their goods or services in more than one country. EX: Microsoft, General Electric
Term
Intergovernmental Organizations and globalization
Definition
Groups created by states to serve particular policy ends EX: United Nations, European Union
Term
Nongovernmental Organizations ad globalizations
Definition
national and international groups, independant of any state, that pusue policy objectives and foster public participation EX greenpeace, Red Cross
Term
downfalls of Globalization
Definition
- complicate a state's ability to maintain sovereignty
- "monopoly of violence" will become less effective in a globalized world
- may be a source of dangerous fragmentation and weakened democracy
- may foster new violent international actors - who are flexable and decentralized thus harder to combat
Term
Foreign Direct Investment
Definition
the purchase of assets in a foreign country
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