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| used by one person in a home or office |
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| designed to sit compactly on a desk and run on power from an electrical wall outlet |
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| laptop computers are are small, lightweight, and designed for portability |
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| have a screen on which the user can write with a stylus |
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| sometimes called ultraportable computers or mini netbooks |
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| a type of subnotebook computers; allow users to access the Internet and check email |
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| thin computers that do not have an external keyoboard or mouse |
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| small computers designed to fit in the palm of your hand |
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| used to make and receive phone calls, maintain an address book, electronic appointment book, calculator, notepad, send email, connect to the Internet, play music, take photos or video, word processing |
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| handheld computers that primarily store and play music |
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| used by larger businesses and govn't agencies to centrally store, process, and manage large amounts of data |
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| largest and fastest computers, used by large corporations and govn't agencies when the tremendous volume of data would seriously delay processing on a mainframe computer |
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| includes hardware and software |
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| physical components of a computer |
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| intangible components of a computer system, particularly programs |
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| architecture/configuration |
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| design and construction of the hardware |
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| words, numbers, figures, sounds, graphics that describe people, events, things, ideas |
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| bits; represents "on" with a 1 and "off" with a 0 |
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| American Standard Code for Information Interchange; system translates the decimal numbers 0-255 into binary data |
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| instructions to the computer on how to process the data |
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| processing tasks occur here; contains the processing hardware; a circuitboard |
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| computer's major electrical components |
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| a rigid piece of insulating material with circuits, or electrical paths, on it that control specific functions |
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| processor or the central processing unit (CPU) |
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| consists off transistors and electronic circuits on a silicon chip |
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| integrated circuit embedded in semiconductor material |
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| number of bits, smallest unit of information in a computer processed at one time |
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| has two processors on a single chip |
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| Random Access Memory (RAM) |
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| consists of chips on cards that plug into the motherboard temporarily holding programs/data while the computer is on; allows the computer to access that information randomly |
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| volatile memory or temporary memory |
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| RAM is constantly changing while it is on |
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| synchrohous dynamic random access memory |
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| SDRAM; synchronized with the processor to allow faster access to its components |
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| RAM cache/CPU cache; a special, high-speed memory chip on motherboard/CPU |
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| a space on the computer's storage devices that simulates additional RAM |
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| a chip on the motherboard prerecorded with instructions the computer uses to check its components to ensure they are working and to activate the software that provides the basic functionality of the computer when you turn on the computer |
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| basic input/output system tells the computer to initialize the motherboard, how to recognize devices connected to the computer, and to start boot process |
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| set of events that occurs b/w the moment you turn on the computer and the moment you can begin to use the computer |
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| nonvolatile memory/permanent memory |
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| ROM never changes, remains intact when the computer is turned off |
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| Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory |
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| CMOS chip installed on the motherboard activated during the boot process and identifies where essential software is stored |
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| CMOS changes every time you add/remove hardware |
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| contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task |
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| named collection of stored data |
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| store data as magnetized particles on a surface |
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| most common magnetic storage device (hard disk); contains several magnetic oxide-covered metal platters usually sealed in a case inside the computer |
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| polycarbonate discs coated with a reflective metal on which data is recorded using later technology |
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| optical storage device that can store up to 700 MB |
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| popular type of flash memory; USB drive or flash drive |
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| solid state storage; similar to ROM; it can be written more than once |
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| small, portable cards encased in hard plastic to which data can be written and rewritten |
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| keyboard or mouse to input data and issue commands |
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| roll to scroll the page on the screen |
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| similar to a mouse except that the rolling ball is on the top side; you control the movement of the pointer by moving only the ball |
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| touch-sensitive device that you drag your finger over to control the pointer |
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| small device that looks like a pencil eraser embedded among the typing keys |
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| a display while showing the output, allow you to touch it with your finger or a stylus to input commands |
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| device that transfers the content on a piece of paper into memory |
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| store or show results or outputs of processing data |
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| use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, which creates the image you see on the screen by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crstal |
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| flat panel monitors labled as LED (light emitting diode) monitors use LEDs to provide the backlight |
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| diagonal measurement in inches from one corner of the screen to the other |
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| divides the screen into a grid of rectangles, one for each typed character |
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| divides the screen into a matrix of small dots called pixels |
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| number of pixels the monitor can display |
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| measures the distance between pixels |
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| video digital adapter or video card or built-in graphics card |
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| produces a paper copy of the text or graphics processed by the computer |
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| produce high-quality output quickly and efficiently |
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| less expensive alternative to the laser printer |
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| transfer ink to the paper by striking a ribbon with pins |
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| speed of dot matrix printers |
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| transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device |
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| message is sent using a medium |
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| computer that originates the message |
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| computer/device at the message's destination |
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| rules that establish an orderly transfer of data between b/w the sender and the receiver |
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| a computer program that can establish communication containing information about the characteristics of the computer and of the device |
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| path b/w microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals |
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| external peripheral devices connect it to the computer |
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| controller card (aka expansion/interface card) |
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| provide electrical connection to a variety of peripheral devices |
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| controller cards are plugged into electrical connectors on the motherboard |
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| Universal serial bus port; a high-speed port that allows multiple connections at the same port |
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| device installed must have USB connector; small rectangular plug |
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