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ESS Comprehensive Summative
Earth and Space
32
Science
12th Grade
12/16/2019

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
extremophile
Definition
An extremophile is an organism that thrives in extreme environments. Extremophiles are organisms that live in "extreme environments," under high pressure and temperature. Bacteria often form on the rocks near the hydrothermal vents.
Term
Paleontology
Definition
study of prehistoric life
Term
Paleoclimatology
Definition
study of ancient climates
Term
Phylogenetics
Definition
the study of the evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms
Term
Abiogenesis
Definition
life from non-life
Term
Acidophiles
Definition
Microbes that thrive in conditions with pH levels less than 3 or greater than 9
Term
Time
Definition
a uniquely human perspective developed through an investigation of the origin and evolution of our planet
Term
Halophiles
Definition
Microbes that require salt concentrations up to 5 times greater than found in ocean water
Term
Time
Definition
a uniquely human perspective developed through an investigation of the origin and evolution of our planet
Term
Methanogens
Definition
Extremophiles found in many environments (without oxygen) that manufacture organic compounds from inorganic compounds
Term
habitable zone
Definition
Habitable zones are geographies where conditions are right to support complex life
Term

CONVECTION 

Definition
Heat from radioactive elements in the core travels to the surface through the mantle by a process of heat transfer
Term
P-waves
Definition
or primary waves, are longitudinal sound waves, too low in frequency for humans to hear, that travel very quickly (from ~1 km/s to ~14 km/s) through the rock
Term
Conformable
Definition
When we observe rock layers that have been deposited without any kind of interruption
Term
S-waves
Definition
or secondary waves, are transverse waves that travel more slowly (from ~1 km/s to ~8 km/s), and vibrate the rock back and forth, causing damage to structures on the surface
Term
Unconformities
Definition
represent a long period during which deposition stopped, erosion removed previously formed rocks, and then deposition resumed
Term
epicenter
Definition
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
Term
Radiogenic heat
Definition
in the mantle as isotopes decay
Term
[image]
Definition
Hadean
Term
[image]
Definition
Archean
Term
[image]
Definition
Proterozoic
Term
[image]
Definition
Phanerozoic
Term
Convection
Definition
Heat from radioactive elements in the core travels to the surface through the mantle by a process of heat transfer
Term
P-waves
Definition

 

longitudinal sound waves, too low in frequency for humans to hear, that travel very quickly (from ~1 km/s to ~14 km/s) through the rock

Term
S-waves
Definition

 

transverse waves that travel more slowly (from ~1 km/s to ~8 km/s), and vibrate the rock back and forth, causing damage to structures on the surface 

Term
Abrasion
Definition
wearing away of a rock by grinding action
Term
Absolute magnitude
Definition
The brightness that a star would appear to have if it were 32 light-years (10 parsecs) away
Term
Absolute zero
Definition

 

the lowest temperature theoretically attainable

 

Term
Big Bang Theory
Definition
 the theory that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature
Term
Boiling point
Definition
the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level 
Term
Cirrus
Definition
a wispy white cloud at a high altitude
Term
Coriolis Effect
Definition
an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation
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