Term
| The Silicon (Si) Oxygen (O) ratio in the olivine crystal structre is |
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Definition
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Term
| Valencies within the silicate tetrahedra of the olivine structure are satisfied |
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Definition
| by ionic and metallic bonds with available iron and magnesium atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| when electrons are preferentially aligned to one side of an atom resulting in a weak negative charge |
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Term
| Why dohe large Jovia planets have molecular hydrogen in their atmosphere, but the smaller terrestrial planets do not |
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Definition
| the Jovian planets are further from the sun and the hydrogen gas can condense and be held by gravity |
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Definition
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| Yellowstone caldera volcanic rocks are composed of rock rich in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are ropey textured flows that form as the viscosity decreases during degassing |
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Term
| When two continental plates converge |
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Definition
| a collison mountain belt will form |
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Term
| The most widely accepted explanation for the earths magnetic field is |
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Definition
| a movement of electrons in the molten iron of its outer core |
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Term
| What kind of plate margin exists today along the western margin of central California |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of volcanic rock would preserve gas bubbles during cooling |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does amphibole develop cleavage planes yet it has all its oxygen atoms shared between tetrahedra |
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Definition
| amphibole does cleave but it does not have all its oxygen atoms shared between tetrahedra |
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Term
Math the Magma (lava) type with the appropriate tectonic setting where it likely forms
Juan de Fuca Ridge
Andes Mountain
Appalachain Mts. |
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Definition
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Term
| The metling temperature of grantic magma (wet melt) |
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Definition
| increases as pressure is reduced (as it rises) |
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Term
| Granitic composition magma will not typically rise to the surface becuase |
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Definition
| its melting temperature increases with decreasing pressure and it will soldify at depth |
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Term
| The depth at which the rising granitic magma solidifies |
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Definition
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Term
| the temperature at which partial melting occurs in the continental lithosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| Where s basaltic magma not typically found |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of seismic wave shawdow is shown on the image above |
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Definition
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Term
| How can one best explain the seismic wave properties shown in the above diagram |
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Definition
| absorption of seismic waves due to phase change from solid to liquid |
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Term
| Why does the topographic expression of the Hawaiian Island become progressively lower from the Big Island to the island lying northwest |
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Definition
| the ocean lithosphere is lighter over the hotspot and it floats higher |
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Term
| Arrange the compositional zones of the earth according to their respective denstiy (lightest to darkest) |
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Definition
| continental crust, ocean crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
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Term
| What kind of tectonic setting was represented by Appalachain Mountains in the eastern US |
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Definition
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Term
| Meteroites that strike the earth are predomintely composed of |
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Definition
| iron-nickel and silicate minerals |
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Term
| Why do seismic waves decelerate in the low velocity zone |
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Definition
| the low velocity zone is at the pressure melting temp for the earths mantle |
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Term
| During differentatin of the earth into its ompositional zones heat was genereated from |
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Definition
| kinetic energy of impacting planetesmials, compressional heating during condensation, radioactive heating |
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Term
| how do some geologists explain the uplift of the Colorado Plateau and the rifting of Nevada and Utah |
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Definition
| a spreading ridge was subducted under California and is now upwelling beneath the Basin Range |
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Term
| Transform plate boundaries are typicallly associated with |
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Definition
| divergent margins where the rate of spreading is different along segments of the spreading ridge |
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Term
| The cause of volcanism observed in the Hawaiian Islands is similar to that of |
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Definition
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Term
| A sheild volcano has a lower slope angle than a strato (composite) volcano because |
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Definition
| its basaltic lava flows have lower viscosities than the andesitic flows of strato volcanoes |
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Term
| What are the two most common elements comprising rocks of the crust and mantle |
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Definition
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Term
| Andesitic composition magma can form |
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Definition
| ocean-ocean convergent boundaries, and ocean-continent convergent boundaries |
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Term
| P-waves_____ as they travel through the astenosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| How can we best explain the face that the inner and outer cores are both composed of metallic iron and nickel yet the outer core is liquid and the inner core solid |
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Definition
| the melting temperature for iron-nickel is lower than the geothermal gradient temperature in the outer core |
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Term
| How can mantle rocks be brought to the surface of the earth, such as in the Cascades or Fidalgo Island |
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Definition
| they are squeezed to the surface along suture zones where collisions occur |
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Term
| An aphanitic (volcanic) rock composed of 5% quartz, 60% plagioclase, 30% amphibole, and 5%pryoxene would be classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| A phaneritic (plutonic) rock composed of predominantly quartz, potassium feldspar, sodium-rich plagiocase, muscovite and amphibole would be classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| Granite may contain___ pryoxene |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of magma is largely produced at this setting |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of tectonic setting can be found |
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Definition
| beneath ocean basins and ontinents |
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Term
| What is the main source of the erupted lava |
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Definition
| partial melt of the asthenosphere |
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Term
| As magma crystallizes into igneous rock the residual melt |
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Definition
will be come more felsic
will yield more explosive eruptions |
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Term
| Strato volcanoes are largly composed of |
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Definition
| interlayered lava and pyroclasti flows |
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