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| The process of one tectonic plate being pulled underneath another is called: |
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Definition
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| Douglas fir regeneration responds well to: |
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Definition
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| Who was the man behind the term "preservation" in environmental science? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first country to adopt an official population policy was? |
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Definition
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Term
| An Organism's Ecological Niche is: |
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Definition
| The set of environmental conditions within which a species is able to persist. (THINK: the "occupation" of that species) |
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| All individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile young are defined as a(n): |
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Definition
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| Scientifically, _______ is expressed as the number of species in an area. |
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| The term ombrotrophic refers to a water system that is fed mainly by: |
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| What is the main type of alcohol found in biofuel? |
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Definition
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| The _________ approach estimates how many people can be put onto our planet without taking into account Earth’s ability to supply their needs, such as the need for food. |
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Definition
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Term
| The four processes that lead to biological evolution are: |
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Definition
| Mutation, Natural Selection, Migration, and Genetic Drift |
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Term
| Positive feedback occurs when: |
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Definition
| an increase in output leads to a further increase in the output. (THINK: "increase leads to increase") |
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Term
| In developed countries, what percentage of people live in urban areas? |
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Definition
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| Species that benefit each other, but are not essential to each other are called _________. |
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Definition
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| What is the approximate current human population? |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth rate is defined as: |
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Definition
| the difference between birth rate and death rate |
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Term
| The first plants to appear after a disturbance are called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Late-successional species grow well in _______ and have seeds that can survive for a _______ period of time. |
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Definition
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| A species such as the sea otter that has a large effect on its community or ecosystem is called a: |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest phosphorous stores on Earth are in the_________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Maximum potential lifetime (longevity) is determined by _______. |
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Definition
| Genetics (THINK: Longevity does not change, even if people get healthier) |
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Term
| A Chemical Sink is a _______ and an example of Carbon Sink would be a _________: |
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Definition
| Storage Compartment, Tree (ALSO: Coal, Oil) |
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Term
| The amount of a chemical that moves between sinks is called the: |
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Definition
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Definition
| An area of land where rainfall flows out through the same stream |
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Term
| Approximately how old is the planet Earth? |
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Definition
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| The "carrying capacity" is: |
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Definition
| The maximum number of individuals of ONE species that can be sustained by an environment without reducing the environment's ability to sustain the SAME number of individuals in the future |
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Term
| Photosynthesis generally: |
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Definition
| yields glucose, (THINK: "sugar"), and oxygen gas. |
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Term
| When two populations of the same species become geographically isolated from each other for a long time, the two populations may change so much genetically that they can no longer reproduce together, even when they are brought back into contact. This is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The organisms that are classified as primary consumers are the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the underlying cause of most environmental issues?: |
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Definition
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Term
| What allows alders to grow along the edges of glaciers? |
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Definition
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Term
| After which event would secondary succession occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ cutting method removes all but a few mature trees with good genetic characteristics and high seed production to promote the regeneration of the forest. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is true of autotrophs?: |
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Definition
| They can live without heterotrophs. (THINK: "auto" means "self" and "troph" means "food" or "nutrition") |
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Term
| Two of the most important greenhouse gases are: |
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Definition
| Carbon Dioxide and Methane (THINK: both of these gases contain CARBON) |
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Term
| _______ is an adaptation of late-successional species: |
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Definition
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Term
| What SIX elements are considered the FUNDAMENTAL building blocks of life? |
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Definition
| C, H, O, N, S, P (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorous) |
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Term
| Chemical Element "C" stands for: |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical Element "H" stands for: |
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Definition
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| Chemical Element "O" stands for: |
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Definition
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| Chemical Element "N" stands for: |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical Element "S" stands for: |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical Element "P" stands for: |
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Definition
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Term
| About ___% of the atmosphere is Nitrogen Gas. |
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Definition
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Term
| To restore the fox population in the Channel Islands, ________ are to be removed and ________ are to be reintroduced. |
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Definition
| golden eagles, bald eagles |
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Term
| ______ are communities of organisms, including the community’s local nonliving environment, in which matter (i.e. chemical elements) cycles and energy flows. |
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Definition
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Term
| The founder of the Yale School of Forestry and the first head of the U.S. Forest Service was __________, also generally considered to be the father of modern professional forestry. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic patchiness is found in which ecosystem? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first major increase in human population occurred during the ________? |
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Definition
| Rise of Agriculture (second major increase during the Industrial Revolution) |
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Term
| According to Cranfield University's study of the effects of vegetarianism on the environment, vegetarianism may: |
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Definition
| lead to more deforestation |
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Term
| Estimates of how many people the planet can support (THINK: carrying capacity) range from 2.5 billion to 40 billion. What factors play an important role in this estimate? |
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Definition
| Our ability to grow food, the soil's ability to sustain population growth, the availability of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Two species that interact such that each provides what the other needs and neither could survive without the other. |
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Term
| The process of one tectonic plate being pulled underneath another is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The profession of growing trees is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sea otters feed on sea urchins. Sea urchins then feed on kelp. If there are fewer sea otters, there will be ________ kelp. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the study of adaptive radiation of honeycreepers in Hawaii, the varying beak size and shape arose due to: |
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Definition
| differing food type and availability |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of different species in an area. |
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Term
| The establishment of a community following a disturbance that DOESN'T remove the soil is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A sustainable society _______. |
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Definition
| ensures that Earth's resources will remain adequate to support future generations. |
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Term
| In reference to ecological succession, the term facilitation refers to: |
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Definition
| one species making the environment more suitable for another species. |
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Term
| How many species of birds native to the United States have been infected with the West Nile virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The concept of "carrying capacity" refers to: |
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Definition
| Maximum number of individuals of a single species that can be sustained by an environment without reducing the environment's ability to sustain the same number of individuals in the future. |
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Term
| The term ombrotrophic refers to a water system that is fed mainly by: |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of organisms convert gaseous Nitrogen to a form that can be used by other species? |
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Definition
| Bacteria (the process is called NITROGEN FIXATION) |
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Term
| What does "biota" refer to? |
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Definition
| All living things within a given area. |
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Term
| A lava flow is an example of what kind of succession? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally, interference refers to ______ successional species preventing the establishment of _______ successional species. |
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Definition
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Term
| When two populations of the same species become geographically isolated from each other for a long time, the two populations may change so much genetically that they can no longer reproduce together, even when they are brought back into contact. This is known as ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Four processes lead to evolution; they are: |
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Definition
| mutation, natural selection, migration, and genetic drift. |
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Term
| Mutation, natural selection, migration, and genetic drift are the four processes that lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| A country with a high growth rate will display a ________ shape when graphed, indicating a large number of individuals in the younger ages. |
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Definition
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Term
| How fast do tectonic plates move? |
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Definition
| Between 0 and 1 foot a year. |
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Term
| What does the principle of "environmental unity" say? |
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Definition
| Everything Affects Everything Else |
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Term
| Disturbed ecosystems can recover naturally through __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| An earthquake that occurs in the ocean can cause a ______________ when the water is suddenly dislocated en mass |
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Definition
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Term
| Ruminants, such as elk, have four-chambered stomachs teeming with billions of microbes. The bacteria digest woody tissue that the elk cannot fully digest on their own. The bacteria also convert nitrogen into organic compounds and give off fatty acids that benefit the elk. In return, the elk provide an environment that allows the bacteria to survive. In this case, both bacteria and elk are |
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Definition
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Term
| Thomas Malthus advocated that human population will |
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Definition
| be reduced by our own vices, such as wars, epidemics, and famines |
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Term
| The way a population or species has varied in number, from most to fewest, over a past time period is the: |
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Definition
| historical range of variation |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of Earth where life exists |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Following a severe storm on the sand dunes of Oregon, the process of grasses becoming established followed by shrubs and eventually a forest growing on the dune is an example of what kind of natural process? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The initial establishment and development of an ecosystem where one did not exist. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reestablishment of an ecosystem following disturbances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system, such as a bog, that doesn't have any water flowing in from a stream, so all of its nutrients come from AIR or RAIN |
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Term
| Late successional species are generally _______ growing |
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Definition
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Term
| Early successional species are generally _______ growing |
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Definition
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Term
| In the case of the Isle Royale, a Minnesota experiment on predator/prey interactions, as the moose population increased the wolf population __________________ until the moose population decreased. The wolf population then______________________, indicating a possibility that the predator/prey interaction impacted the populations of both species. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the competitive exclusion principle, when two species compete for the same resources with the same nutrient requirements, one species will ultimately |
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Definition
| go extinct. (THINK: lose. when two species compete, someone has to lose. hopefully it's WSU.) |
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Term
| Birth rates have declined faster in countries that have a ______ standard of living than in countries with a ______ standard of living |
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Definition
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