Term
| Conservation Biology principles (3) |
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Definition
evolutionary change = good
dynamic ecology (non-equilibrium)
human interactions |
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Term
| Conservation Biology postulates (4) |
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Definition
Diversity is good
Ecological complexity is good
Evolution is good
Biodiversity has intrisic value |
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Term
| Conservation Biology Characteristics (6) |
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Definition
crisis discipline
multidisciplinary
inexact science
value laden science
Evolutionary (long) time frame
eternal vigilance |
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Term
| Levels of species diversity (3) |
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Definition
| species, genetic, community (ecosystem) |
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Term
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Definition
richness (# of species)
evenness (# individuals/area) |
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Definition
| along gradient (across a large area, like a mountain) |
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Definition
| full of alpha and beta diversity |
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Term
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Definition
method of classifying animals.
monophyletic (only 1 ancestor)
shared derived characteristics (synamorphies) |
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Definition
| physically change environment. ie elephants create paths to an oasis. beavers make dams. |
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Term
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Definition
| predator pop. increases, herbivore pop. decreases, plant pop. increases, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| species with wide geographic range. If protected, automatically protect other species inside the umbrella species's geographic area. ie tigers. |
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Definition
| popular species community wants to protect, and get really involved in. ie pandas |
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Term
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Definition
| species that provide an economic benefit (can be harvested) |
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Term
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Definition
| resources imperative to an environment. ie salt licks, and mineral deposits |
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Term
| why more biodiversity in tropics? |
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Definition
more sunlight=more productivity
nore plant mass=more habitat complexity=more richness
stable climate, & long growing season
more rainfall
less human impact on env.
more predators= less competition in lower trophic levels=higher carrying capacity
zoogeography patterns (north/south america land bridge) |
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Term
| intermediate disturbance hypothesis |
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Definition
| with too much disturbance, low biodiversity. with too little disturbance, few species become, and stay dominant = low biodiversity. |
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Term
| frontiers of biodiversity (3) |
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Definition
areas relatively unexplored:
canopy
deep sea/ marine |
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Term
| Intl. Organizations for protecting biodiversity (5) |
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Definition
CI
Alliance for zero extiction
TNC (last wild places)
WCS (wild. cons. soc., last of wild)
WWF (world wild. fund, global 200) |
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Term
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Definition
Conservation international
hot spots
megadiversity countries |
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Term
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Definition
34 hotspots across world
15% earth's surface, 77% earths's biodiversity
-high endomism
-high diversity
-high habitat loss
-15% endemic plant species
-70% original habitat lost |
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Term
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Definition
| 17 countries with majority of biodiversity |
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Term
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Definition
realms:
nearctic, neotropical, palaearctic, australian,oriental, afrotropical |
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Term
| heirarchy of areas (large to small) |
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Definition
OLD: realms>biomes>provinces>ecosystems
NEW:ecozones>biomes>ecoregions
^Valardy-focused on GIS |
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Term
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Definition
825 terrestrial
426 freshwater
232 marine
global 200 is ecoregions
-result from predictable difference in clmate
-based on dominant plants |
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Term
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Definition
237 most threatened ecoregions.
-sp. richness
-endemism
-tax. uniqueness
-ecol. or evol.phenomena
-global rarity of habitat |
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Term
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Definition
long term ecoregion sites
ie Harvard forest is coresite in northeast.
Colby sends them data on earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
WWF
ecoregions endangered according to CRI
64 ecoregions "critical" > 25
10 ecoregions "endangered" > 10
__ ecoregions "vulnerable" > 2
NOTE: 50% overlap with hotspots |
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Term
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Definition
conservation risk index (WWF)
habitat converted:habitat protected (ratio) |
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Term
| Methods of identifying areas in need of protection (9) |
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Definition
-CE (crisis ecozones)
-CPD (centers for plant diversity)
-HBWA (high diversity wild. areas
-BH (biodiversity hotspots)
-MC (megadiversity countries)
-FF (frontier forests)
-EBA (endemic bird areas)
-G200 (global 200)
-LW (last of the wild) |
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Term
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Definition
Natl. Ecological Observatory Network
includes LTER sites across USA
measures biodiversity changes
-invasive species
-diseases
-climate change |
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Term
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Definition
Intl. Union for Conservation of Nature.
World monitoring center. labels species as:
EX exctinct
EW extinct in wild
CR Critically endangered
EN endangered
VU vulnerable
LC least concern |
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Term
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Definition
none in wild
not found in 50 yrs
usually species hover at crit. endangered for a long time |
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Term
| Permian (triassic) extinction |
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Definition
largest mass extinction
killed 95% of marine sp. plus all trillobites, and many tree sp. |
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Term
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Definition
| dinosaurs and many more species disappeared. 2nd largest extinction in earth's history |
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Term
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Definition
geogaphic range
habitat specificity
population
rare NOT= endangered necessarily |
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Term
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Definition
IUCN
species specialist comission
ie cat s.s.c. group to evaluate threat lvl of all cat species |
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Term
| criteria to differentiate between subcategories of "threatened" lvl in IUCN |
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Definition
CR, EN, or VU
-pop. size reduction
-range (extent of occurance)
-prob. of going extinct in 10 yrs |
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Term
| TNC (The nature concervency) |
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Definition
North and South America
heritage program in every state
factor in already protected areas
not unlike ecoregion classification, but focused on states, not biological background |
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Term
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Definition
| centered around humans. concervation for humans sake, rather than for the species sake. = lame. |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy that all species have their own rights to not become extinct, which we are crossing. Pretty much just bullshit, we're all really doing this for anthropocentric reasons, and just telling ourselves we're not. |
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Term
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Definition
| human's inherent love of nature. we are geneticlly programed to love, and to want to protect nature |
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Term
| Benefits from species (for us. 5) |
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Definition
| economic, spiritual, scientific, ecological, strategic (umbrella sp.) |
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Term
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Definition
habitat focused on one species, and it's biotic and abiotic needs)
ecosystem focused on interactions between species, plus other abiotic and biotic factors |
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Term
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Definition
loss of habitat quality
leads to habitat loss
-contamination (pollution/pesticides)
-physical structures
-modification (erosion, H2O consuption)
-ecosystem destruction
-fragmentation |
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Term
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Definition
phosphorus (lakes)
nitrogen (ocean)
silation (silt settles on coral)
mercury (passed up food chain= biomagnification. ie DDT) |
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Term
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Definition
| humans speed up the natural process of water bodies becoming too nutrient rich- too low oxygen-everything dies= hypoxic |
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