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| the act of assessing (assigning a number to a character being assessed) |
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| An instrument or tool used to make an measurement |
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-A statement of quality, value or worthiness (implies decision making)
-Generalizing data to something |
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| Norm-referenced standards |
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| How someone compares with others |
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| Criterion-Referenced standards |
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| How someone compares with a "criterion" or standard score or value that you wish them to achieve |
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-initial or intermediate evaluations
-provides feedback essential to achievement of goals |
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-final evaluations
-typically comes at the conclusion of a training or instructional period |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Placement |
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| Grouping subjects acording to their abilities |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Diagnosis |
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| Identify weaknesses among subjects |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Prediction |
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| speculate on future from past or present data |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Motivation |
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| data provides feedback to challenge or stimulate subjects toward further improvement |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Achievement (summative process) |
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| Goals are set adn the levels attained are evaluated |
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Purposes of measurement, testing & evaluation:
Program Evaluation |
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| using data to demonstrate program success or failure |
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Objectives of human performance domains:
COGNITIVE |
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| knowledge-based information |
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Objectives of human performance domains:
AFFECTIVE |
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| psychological and emotional attributes |
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Objectives of human performance domains:
PSYCHOMOTOR |
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-physical abilities
-devlopment of motor skills |
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| to calculate vertical jump |
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| Descriptive Statistics provide "mathematical" summaries of: |
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-Performance
-performance characteristics
-describe characteristics of "distribution" |
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Scales of Measurement:
Nominal |
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Definition
-naming, classifying, categorical
-identifying differences on some characteristic
-no order, magnitude, or size |
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Scales of Measurement:
Ordinal |
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Definition
-Ranking
-Differences b/t ranked positions not comparable |
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Scales of Measurement:
Continuous |
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Definition
two types:
1) interval
-using an equal unit of measurement
-no "true" zero
--simple represents a oint on number line
2) Ratio
-Using an equal unt of measurement
-possessing an "absolute" zero |
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| Scales of measurement are __________ |
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Definition
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| if a number is ordinal is it also nominal? |
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Definition
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| if a number is intervally scaled does it provide ordinal and nominal information? |
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| If the number is a "ratio" does it convey nominal, ordinal, and interval information? |
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how well a person's score compares to others
notes the frequency w/ which various scores occur |
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-cumulative percentage of hte frequency distribution
-percent of observation at or below a given score
p90 = 90th percentile |
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| most frequently observed score |
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| "mesokurtic" distribution with no "skeness") |
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| Skewness: "negatively skewed" |
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| "median (Md) higher than the "mean" (M) |
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| Skewness: "positively skewed" |
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| "Median" (Md) lower than the "Mean" (M) |
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| lists score values on horizontal axis and the frequency on the vertical axis |
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| high score minus the low score |
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Variability:
Variance (S^2) |
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-measure of the spread of scores
-based on squared deviation of each score from the mean
--S^2 = Sigma(X-M)^2/n-1 |
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| S^2 = Sum of (X-M)^2 /n-1 |
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| linear measure of variability |
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| Standard deviation (S) equation |
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| Standard error of the mean (SEM) |
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| reflects the degree to which a person's observed score fluctuates as a result of errors of measurement |
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T= 50 + [10(X-M)/s]
or
T = 50 +10Z |
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-helps to describe relationship b/t variables
-predict outcomes |
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| Pearson product-moment coefficent (r) |
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Definition
-statistical index of linear relationship b/t two variables (using continuous data)
- establishes the direction of relationship
--(+) people score above the mean on one variable usually score aboe the mean on the other variable dirct relationship
--(-) people scoreing above the mean on one variable, usually score below the mean on the other variable indirect or inverse relationship |
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| standard error of the mean |
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| If a # is INTERVALLY scaled what information does it provide? |
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| If a # is a RATIO what information does it convey? |
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Definition
-Nominal
-Ordinal
-interval |
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| Pearson Product-moment correlation (simplified) |
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| Statistical index of linear relationship b/t two variables |
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