Term
| The radioactive fuel of earth is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The early Earth's atmosphere was mostly made of |
|
Definition
| CO2, water, and hydrogen sulfide. |
|
|
Term
| Relative to the age of the earth, the fraction of time that humans have existed is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early heating of the earth:
1. formed the core and mantle
2. metled iron and some nickel
3. led to the formation of the magnetic field
4. occurred soon after planetary formation
5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early life on earth:
1. began in the oceans
2. dates back to at least 3.8 billion years
3. was one-celled bacteria and algae
4. thrived near sea floor plate boundaries
5. (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans on Earth
1. as genus homo date back to 2.5 million years, species homo sapien 40,000 years
2. did not have a population of about 1 billion until the year 1830
3. emerged during the Ice Age
4. settled the America's during the last 15,000
5. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The current human population is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earth's early atmosphere was derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The core of the earth is principally composed of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The convecting zone of a partial melt in the mantle is termed the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The oldest life forms on planet earth include (name one) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The oldest rocks within the continents date back to ___ billion years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Island arcs result from convergence of two ocean plates? T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocean crust is oldest at the ocean ridges and becomes progressively younger the distance from the ridge T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The longest mountain range of the earth is mostly underwater T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The present site of the Ural mountains represents the demise of a long lost ocean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _______ plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, compressional deformation and an inclined zone of earthquakes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ________ plate boundary is one marked by volcanoism, extension and shallow earthquakes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Mediterranean is a remnant of the _____sea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volcanic islands above subduction zones have arcuate trends because the earth is ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continents and island arcs grow in size at zones of subduction by the dual process of ________ and accretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The author of the Continental drift was also shot twice in WWI set an air balloon record in 1906, wrote the book "the origin of the continents and oceans" in 1915 and later died in 1930 expedition in greenland where his remains continue to be buried in ice. He was _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the Earth's seafloor has been recycled back into the mantle T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The greater the distance to an earthquake epicenter, the longer time between primary and secondary waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian Trench T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Appalachian Mountains...
1. Represent the remnants of a himalayan-type mountain chain
2. formed from there stages of island arc and continental collision
3. were rifted, the components of which occur on both sides of the atlantic ocean
4. once stretched from the baltic regions of northern Europe to west Texas
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Continental collision results in ...
1. a double thickness of continental crust
2. the formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continent
3. the end of subduction
4. a fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentinite
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is used to access probable damage over the region impacted by an earthquake T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The youngest ocean crust can be found at |
|
Definition
| (MOR) The youngest oceanic crust is at the bottom of the ridge which is formed by two diverging oceanic plates. When oceanic plates diverge, or move away from one another, magma fills the space they create forming a new layer of crust. |
|
|
Term
| The alps formed from collision of europe with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seismologists have abandoned Richter magnitudes in favor of ____ magnitudes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___-waves travel the fastest and are the first to be felt during an earthquake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The intense ground shaking on water-saturated ground is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Heating the inner portions of earth resulted from the FISSION of the hydrogen atoms
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Planet earth had very little atmosphere at the time of its formation
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A rock sample from saturn, if brought back to earth, would be much heavier than any common earth rock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The universe is expanding today |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Edwin Hubble confirmed what theory? |
|
Definition
| theory of expanding universe |
|
|
Term
| Mars has an atmosphere at 0.7% of that of earth and is mostly _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venus has an atmosphere at 90x that of the earth and is mostly ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Galaxies have a reddish color due to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The origin of the universe is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The universe was formed ___ years ago |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fuel of stars including our sun is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Cambrien era and when did it begin? |
|
Definition
| The beginning of life (3.8 billion years) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Earth's moon died____ years ago |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oldest rock is _____ y.o. from the ___ period and can be found in _______ |
|
Definition
| 4 billion, archean, Grand Canyon |
|
|
Term
| Heating of the inner portions of the earth resulted from the fusion of hydrogen atoms T/F |
|
Definition
| False - it results from radioactivity |
|
|
Term
| Who confirmed the expansion of the universe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meteorites brought_____ to earth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The K-T extinction was
1. caused by asteroids
2. not the biggest one
3. led to the age of reptiles
4. led to the beginning of mammales
5. occurred 66 million
6. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans on Earth:
1. genus date back to 2.5 million years
2. homo sapien 40, 000 years
3. did not have a population about 1 billion union 1830s
4. emerged during the ice age
5. settled in the americans during the last 15,000 years
6. All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Island arcs result from the convergence of two ocean plates
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rifting of Gondwanaland resulted in the formation of Laurasia and Pangea : T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fault is a crack in the earth's crust resulting from moving plates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The separation of divergent plates on a continent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a boundary where two separate plates are pushing into each other |
|
|
Term
| A volcanic & hot mudflow is known as a (an) _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Island arcs result from convergence of two oceanic plates T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volcanic activity of the Cascade Mountain Range of the Pacific Northwest results from continental collision T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ropey type of basalt lava is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The port town of St. Pierre, on the Caribbean island of Martinique, was destroyed by nuee ardente. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hot spot volcanoes originate from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large igneous intrusions are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mid ocean tracks such as that of hawaii and the emperor seamount chain...indicate that |
|
Definition
| indicate plate mption opposite to the direction of "younging" of the volcanic islands and seamounts. ** |
|
|
Term
| A ___ is a thin, cross-cutting intrusion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ___ is a thin intrusion that runs parallel or concordant to layers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ texture results from slow cooling deep in the Earth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are frozen bubbles in a volcanic rock. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basalts are the most fluid (least viscous) of lava flows because of their |
|
Definition
| high Temperature and low Silica content. |
|
|
Term
| Both the Red Sea and the Gulf of California are the recent result of rifting and seafloor spreading. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ ___ is a type of mass wasting that involves the gradual and slow downhill movement of soil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seven indications of previous or probably landslide activity include |
|
Definition
| steep slopes, soft rocks, water, loss of vegetation, dip slope conditions, prior history, or fracturing. |
|
|
Term
| The ___ Cycle involves the weathering of igneous rocks into sediment, forming sedimentary rocks, which with heat and pressure become metamorphic rocks, to then be melted back into igneous rocks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its |
|
Definition
| low Temperature and high Silica content |
|
|
Term
| The San Andreas Fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian trench. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rock debris at the bottom of a rock form is known as talus. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs.T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From high to low temp, the minerals in Bowen's Reaction Series are: |
|
Definition
| olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite |
|
|
Term
| The widening of joints by expanding ice is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mt. St. Helens is an example of |
|
Definition
| composite (strato) volcano |
|
|
Term
| Mass wasting that involves the downward slump of a rock unit or coherent rock material along a curved surface is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A blocky type of basalt lava is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocean crust melts during subduction, forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic rock of island arcs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ____ volcano is primarily composed of air fall and pyroclastic basaltic material. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Japan Type of Volcano is: |
|
Definition
| Convergent in sea, has a volcanic arc and is deep-sea trench |
|
|
Term
| Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our Solar System's "great mop-up" occurred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continental Shelf is the surface of a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rifting of ancient lithosphere, sea floor spreading, mid plate process, plate convergence, and THE CREATION OF NEW CRUST AND THE DEEP MANTLE (change in ages of lithosphere) |
|
|
Term
| large igneous rocks are known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ results from cooling deep in earth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| silica in basalt: high or low? |
|
Definition
| low silica , less viscous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upwelling rifting subduction collision |
|
|
Term
| Andesitic and rhyolitic eruptions tend to be explosive because of their gas content and high viscosity. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The wedge of sediments accumulating off shore of a rifted continental margin is known as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heating of the inner portions of the Earth result from fusion of Hydrogen atoms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fuel of Stars =
Fuel of Planets + moons = |
|
Definition
hydrogen
radioactive energy |
|
|
Term
| Volcanic explosions yield ___ texture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mass wasting is not a natural form of erosion and is generally induced by the influence of humans. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Valley widening primarily occurs by mass wasting subsequent to erosion by running water. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Universe is expanding solar system is not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mass movement of unconsolidated fluid mixtures of rock, dirt, sand, and water is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The irregular surface at the toe of a slide is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basalt forms from the melting of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its |
|
Definition
| low temperature and high silica content |
|
|
Term
| The fluid motion of the outer core is the cause of the Earth's magnetic field. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As early as 1911, Alfred Wegener presented ideas about seafloor spreading. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The convecting zone of partial melt in the mantle is termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The difference in magnitude between earthquakes with Richter and/or moment magnitudes 2 and 5 is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Subduction zones:
have the most earthquakes
have the deepest earthquakes
have the most violent volcanoes
descend to the core-mantle boundary
all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early Heating of the Earth:
Formed the core and mantle
Melted iron and some nickel
Let to the formation of the magnetic field
Occurred soon after planetary formation
All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Continental collision results in:
A double thickness of continental crust
The formation of unusually high mountains within the interior of a continent
The end of subduction
A fault suture marked by fault-bounded slabs of serpentinite
All of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plinan Eruption (2 volcanoes that do them and what it looks like) |
|
Definition
| st. helenes and mt vesuvius , its a gas and pyroclastic explosion that goes high into the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| a broad volcano made up sole of basalt lava flows is a ___ volcano |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the phanoretic equivalent of basalt andesite and rhyolite respectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pacific ring of fire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuee Ardente is the same thing as |
|
Definition
| Pyroclastic Flow (Monserrat 1996) |
|
|
Term
| neer ardent/pyroclastic lava does what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wilson cycle? (in 3 points) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when you see the himalayasians topography map with red outline that means? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two places can you find cinder cone volcanos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a shield volcano has fluid magma flows that travel further than start volcanoes T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what two plate movements have shallow earthquakes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt. Fermin has block slumps T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hot pot volcanoes can be found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what rocks are particular to ocean/ocean convergence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what rocks are particular to ocean/plate convergence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what rocks are particular to divergent plates? |
|
Definition
andesite/diorite
and rhyolite/granite |
|
|
Term
| what are two type of subduction zones with immense volcanoes? |
|
Definition
| japan-type and andean-type |
|
|
Term
Plinean - vertical blast often to very high altitudes in the atmosphere, ash fall, tuffs
Pelean - pyroclastic flows (nuée ardente), ash flow, welded tuffs |
|
Definition
|
|
