Term
| MC site of FB in children |
|
Definition
| cricopharyngeal muscle (C5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower esophageal sphincter (T10) |
|
|
Term
| how to treat esophageal varices |
|
Definition
-NS and PRBC's
-IV vasopressin or octreotide
-IV PPI
-emergent endoscopy |
|
|
Term
| highest morbidity and mortality rate that any other source of UGI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if pt has a meat impaction in the distal esophagus what can be given |
|
Definition
-IV glucagon or SL nitro to relax smooth muscle
-carbonated beverages to push FB down |
|
|
Term
| what are the complications of GERD |
|
Definition
-barret's esophagitis
-peptic stricture
-esophagitis
-esophageal cancer |
|
|
Term
| spontaneous rupture of the esophagus that typically occurs after forceul emesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the mackler triad and what is it associated with |
|
Definition
associated with boerhaave's
-vomiting
-lower thoracic pain
-subcutaneous emphysema |
|
|
Term
| what confirms the diagnosis of boerhaave's syndrome |
|
Definition
| water soluble contrast esophagram |
|
|
Term
| partial thickness tear at the gastroesophageal junction associated with hematemesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what establishes the diagnosis of mallory weiss tear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the pain begin with gastric ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these type of ulcers occur 2-3 hrs after meals and is relieved by foods/antacids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are most ulcers located |
|
Definition
| along the lesser curvature of the stomach of the first portion of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| where do posterior ulcers erode into causing GI bleeds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drugs are affected with the use of cimetidine |
|
Definition
increases levels of drugs cleared by p450:
-warfarin
-phenytoin
-diazepam
-propranolol
-lidocaine
-theophylline
-tricyclic antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| what is seen on CXR in an anterior ulcer perforation (MC) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this occurs when an ulcer may scar and block the antral or pyloric outlet |
|
Definition
| gastric outlet obstruction |
|
|
Term
| what is a succussion splash and hx of vomiting undigested food shortly after eating |
|
Definition
| gastric outlet obstruction |
|
|
Term
| which form of IBD is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer |
|
Definition
UC-->higher risk of cancer
Chrohn's-->lower risk of cancer than UC but still high |
|
|
Term
| what are some supportive tx options for IBD |
|
Definition
-loperamide/diphenoxylate for pt's w/ fatty acid induced diarrhea
-cholestyramine for pt's w/o fatty acid indicued diarrhea
-anticholinergics (opium-belladonna) controls abdominal cramping and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what are specific therapy options for IBD |
|
Definition
-sulfasalazine
-coticosteroids
-antibiotics (CD)
-immunomodulators |
|
|
Term
| which skin manifestations are common in UC vs. CD |
|
Definition
CD-->erythema nodosum
UC-->pyoderma gangrenosum |
|
|
Term
| which form of IBD most commonly has apthous ulcer formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this arthritic condition occurs more commonly in UC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| severe acute midabdominal pain out of proportion to findings (non-tender on exam) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gas in the bowel wall term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the lab findings indicative of mesenteric ischemia |
|
Definition
| Labs-->metabolic acidosis, elevated lactate, elevated phosphorous |
|
|
Term
| gold standard for the dx of mesenteric ischemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC segment affected in intussception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classic triad associated with intussception |
|
Definition
-colicky abd pain
-vomiting
-currant jelly stool |
|
|
Term
| how is the dx of intussusception made |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC of bowel obstruction in children ages 2 months-5 years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MC-->adhesions
2nd-->hernia |
|
|
Term
| MC precursor to cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC blood-borne cause of viral hepatitis in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this form of hepatitis requires coninfection w/ HBV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in alcoholic hepatitis, the SGOT is __________ then SGPT by a factor of ____ |
|
Definition
| greater than by a factor of 2; IF SGPT>SGOT its suggestive of viral hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| What's the criteria for DKA? |
|
Definition
-increase ketones >5
-glucose >250
-pH <7.2 with high anion gap
-bicarb <18 |
|
|
Term
| What's the criteria for hyperosmolar nonketotic? |
|
Definition
->600 glucose
-bicarb >15
-pH >7.3
-osmolality >320 |
|
|
Term
| proximal ulna fx w/ dislocation of radius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radial shaft fx w/ dislocation of DRUJ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC artery involved in ischemic stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contralateral weakness greater in arms than legs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contralateral weakness in legs greater than arms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will be found on LP in pseudotumor cerebri |
|
Definition
| elevated CSF opening pressures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hearing loss
-vertigo
-tinnitus |
|
|
Term
| crossed findings of ipsilateral cranial nerve changes with contralateral motor weakness indicates a problem here |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meningitis tx in pt's <2 months |
|
Definition
-ampicillin + cefotaxime
-if PCN allergic-->bactrim + vanco |
|
|
Term
| meningitis tx in pt's 2 months-50 years |
|
Definition
-cefotaxime OR ceftriaxone and vancomycin
-if PCN allergic-->vancomycin + gentamicin + rifampin |
|
|
Term
| meningitis >50 years or immunocompromised |
|
Definition
-ampicillin + cefotaxime OR ceftriaxone
if PCN allergic-->vanco + genta + rifampin |
|
|
Term
| pain or resistance with passive extension of knee with hip flexed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| passive flexion of neck causes flexion of hips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is a good drug for listeria species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LP findings in guillian barre |
|
Definition
| increased CSF protein with normal glucose and cell count |
|
|
Term
| as far as weakness is concerned what's the difference between myasthenia gravis and guillian barre |
|
Definition
Guillian-->distal weakness more prevalent
myasthenia-->proximal weakness more prevalent |
|
|
Term
| what is the mainstay of tx in seizing pt's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is used to treat eclampsia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first line tx option for sinusitis |
|
Definition
| -amoxicillin or augmentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-s. pneumo
-m. catarrhalis
-h. flu |
|
|
Term
| Most common rhythm associated with PE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for dx of PE is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 MCC's of pleural effusion |
|
Definition
-CHF
-bacterial pneumonia
-malignancy |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of a transudative pleural effusion |
|
Definition
-CHF
-hypoalbuminemia
-cirrhosis
-PE
-myxedema
-nephrotic syndrome
-SVC obstruction
-peritoneal dialysis |
|
|
Term
| give examples of exudative effusions |
|
Definition
-infection (pneumonia, TB, fungi, parasites)
-CT diseases
-neoplasm
-PE
-uremia
-pancreatitis
-esophageal rupture
-intra-abd abscess
-post-surgery/trauma
-drug induced |
|
|
Term
| What are the findings indicative of a transudative pleural effusion |
|
Definition
-LDH <200 U
-LDH ratio <0.6
-protein ratio <0.5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 drugs contraindicated in wolf parkinson white |
|
Definition
-BB's
-CCB's
-adenosine
-digoxin |
|
|
Term
| first line tx for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first line tx for bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diagnostic study of choice for an aortic dissection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC of hypertensive urgency |
|
Definition
| noncompliance with medications |
|
|
Term
| how much should the MAP be decreased in hypertensive emergency |
|
Definition
| no more than 25% within minutes to 1 hour |
|
|
