Term
True or False
The horse has no dietary requirement for protein |
|
Definition
true
(but does require essential AAs) |
|
|
Term
True or False
Grains, by-products & fibrous materials are often insufficient in meeting a horse's protein requirements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major body store for essential AAs? |
|
Definition
| contractile protein (in muscle) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most labile pool of AAs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a short-term state of dietary protein deficiency, what will be the primary source of protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is immunosuppression associated with protein deficiency? |
|
Definition
| mobilization of immunoglobulins & reduced synthesis of immune proteins will inhibit the function of the immune system |
|
|
Term
| What are the dietary essential AAs? |
|
Definition
Arg
His
Val
Trp
Thr
Leu
Lys
Iso
Phe
Met |
|
|
Term
| What two AAs are essential for neonates? |
|
Definition
| His & Arg as they cannot synthesize adequate amounts |
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is key in forming cross-linkages in structural proteins of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of what AA might lead to compromised mechanical strength of the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does N balance improve with conditioning? |
|
Definition
| reduced urinary N loss due to improved N retention & increased muscle mass resulting from muscle hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
True or False
The equine large colon can uptake more lysine than the jejunum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Cereal grains such as corn, oats, barely & wheat are excellent sources of lysine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the best sources of lysine? |
|
Definition
fish meal
dried brewer's yeast
soybean meal
dried skim milk |
|
|
Term
| Ensuring the diet has adequate amounts of ______ can reduce the need for methionine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ensuring the diet has adequate amounts of ______ can reduce the need for phenylalanine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the nitrogen produced from catabolism of excess AAs? |
|
Definition
| excreted as urea (requires energy) |
|
|
Term
| What is the second limiting dietary AA for yearling horses on a forage-based diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does catabolism of branched-chain AAs different from other AAs? |
|
Definition
| deamination takes place in muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the glucose-alanine cycle? |
|
Definition
BCAA are deaminated in muscle
Alanine receives the resulting amino group
Alanine is carried to liver for urea synthesis
Glucose is transferred back to muscle |
|
|
Term
| Which BCAA is best at promoting nitrogen retention? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does leucine promote muscle protein retention? |
|
Definition
| degradation of leucine produces a metabolite which lowers the pH of lysosomes, reducing catabolic activity of cathepsins which degrade proteins |
|
|
Term
| What regulates feed intake? |
|
Definition
| energy density of the feed |
|
|
Term
| How might you use non-protein nitrogen in the diet to meet protein requirements? For what type of horse is this viable? |
|
Definition
urea can act as a N source for microbes in the cecum, producing some AAs
useful for mature horses requiring maintenance, on a low-protein diet |
|
|
Term
| At what stage of pregnancy do protein requirements increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the issue with melamine & protein levels in feed? |
|
Definition
melamine is 66.64% nitrogen, skews protein calculations based on N content, making the protein levels appear higher than they truly are
melamine is toxic |
|
|
Term
| What is dietary protein used for? |
|
Definition
synthesis of muscle
hide
hoof
hair |
|
|
