Term
| What does the Psychological Refractory Period suggest? |
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Definition
| Delay in R2 (waiting for R1 to finish) when performing two closely-spaced RT tasks suggests a decision/response selection bottleneck. |
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Term
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Definition
PRP: Fundamental limit on human performance related to response decisions
. Two closely spaced RT tasks…
Must wait to execute R2 until finished processing R1.
Delay (relative to control) increases with shorter ISI & more complex R1
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Term
How was PRP tested in relation to driving?
What were the results? |
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Definition
1.The two closely spaced RT tasks…
i) Choice task: Respond manually or vocally to visual or auditory task (Did a tone, or change in color of lead car’s window, occur once or twice?)
ii) Braking to avoid colliding with lead car.
So, PRP occurs for safety-related response (or planning for that response), and for pretty uncomplicated choice RT task
The delay created results in more than 16ft traveled--> more crashes with dual tasks
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Term
| What is the Decision Complexity Advantage? |
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Definition
Limits on response decisions in serial RT suggest value of performing few complex decisions rather than many, simpler, decisions.
In other words, two decisions with 3 bits of information is faster than 6 decisions of 1 bit info each. Bits of info is not only predictor of RT, the fewer decisions to make improves RT. |
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Term
| What are implications for Display Design of Menus given the Decsion Complexity Advantage? |
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Definition
| Narrow/Deep menus are better than Broad/shallow menus |
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Term
Age differences in RT increase with what? But what shows that this is not always the case?
How does typing show this? |
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Definition
to increase with choice complexity
age-related slowing in response does not always impair performance of complex (serial) RT tasks!
Typing shows that the rapid responses needed have a limit that is motoric. Faster typing happens with alternating fingers vs same finger, Each response (key stroke) not accompanied by a central response selection decision. |
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Term
| What was focus of QWERTY keyboard design |
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Definition
Designed so that common letter sequences are struck by fingers on different hands (alternation vs repetition effect) |
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Term
| What helps address response/decision bottleneck and helps explain how typing experience can offset age related motoric slowing |
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Definition
IRT (inter-response time)
decreased for words vs. random letters (chunking),
and for increased preview (up to 8 letters).
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