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Epithelial & Skin
N/A
41
Histology
Undergraduate 4
01/12/2014

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Term
Parenchyma
Definition
Cells responsible for main functions of typical organs
Term
Stroma
Definition
supporting tissue
Term
what are the four main tissue types?
Definition
epithelium, connective, muscle and nerve
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with little ECM. Main functions are barrier, secretion and absorption
Term
Basement Membrane
Definition
the interface between the epithelium and the underlying tissue
Term
lamina propria
Definition
the layer of connective tissue that supports the epithelium and provides nutrition to neighboring structures. epithelia that line the cavity of internal organs mostly rest on this.
Term
papillae
Definition
irregularities in the connective tissue surfane that form small invaginations to increase SA contact with epithelium. found mostly in epithelial tissues subject to a lot of stress such as the skin and tongue.
Term
basal pole
Definition
portion of epithelial cells which faces the connective tissue
Term
apical pole
Definition
surface of epithelial cells that normally faces a space
Term
free surface
Definition
the surface of the apical pole on epithelial cells
Term
lateral surface
Definition
the surface of epithelial cells that are apposed to neighbor cells
Term
basal lamia
Definition
EC material that separates epithelial tissue from connective tissue. Visible only by TEM. not only found in epithelial tissue that contact connective tissue but also in muscle, adipose and schwann cells that contact connective tissue.

the main components are type IV collagen, glycoproteins laminin and entactin, and proteoglycans.
Term
reticular lamina
Definition
reticular fibers closely associated with the basal lamina. the fibers are produced by the CT
Term
Basal Lamina HIST
Definition
[image]
Term
basement membrane
Definition
PAS-positive, usually formed by the association of either two basal laminae or basal lamina and a reticular lamina. visible under light microscope.
Term
tight junction (zonulae occludens)
Definition
most apical of junctions, forms a band around the cell. forms a seal that prevents the flow of material between epithelial cells in either direction
Term
zona adherens
Definition
junctions that encircles the cell and provides the adhesion of one cell to another. made up of actin filaments
Term
Gap Junctions ( communicating junctions)
Definition

occur anywhere on lateral surface of epithelial cell. patches that contain intercellular channels ( connexons)

[image]

Term
desmosome ( macula adherens)
Definition
disk shaped structure at the surface of one cell that is matched with an identical structure at the surface of the adjacent cell. junctions link to intermediate filaments in the cell. usually is a space between the cell membranes
Term
hemidesmosome
Definition
half a desmosome that bind the epithelial cell to the basal lamina
Term
microvilli
Definition

projections found on the free surface of an epithelial cell. abundant in cells that have high absorption. made up of clusters of actin filaments.

[image]

Term
cilia
Definition
cylindrical motile structures on the surface of some epithelial cells. surrounded by a cell membrane and have a 9+2 microtubule structure. permit movement of fluid or particulate matter to be propelled in one direction over the epithelial surface. [image]
Term
lining epithelium
Definition
a layer of cells for a boundary between a surface and the underlying tissue
Term
glandular epithelium
Definition
the epithelial cells form a gland that is specialized for secretion
Term
simple epithelium
Definition
one layer of epithelial cells. squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Term
stratified epithelium
Definition
more than one layer of epithelial cells. keritinized, non-keritinized
Term
pseudostratified epithelium
Definition
appears stratified but is actually simple epithelium
Term
endothelium
Definition
epithelium that lines blood and lymph vessels
Term
mesothelium
Definition
epithelium that lines certain body cavities
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
found mainly in places subject to attrition ( mouth, skin, esophagus, vagina). cells form in many layers as the move up towards the surface the become irregular in shape and flatten.
Term
transitional epithelium
Definition
lines the urinary bladder,ureter, and upper part of the urethra. characterized by domelike cells that is neither squamous nor columnar. change shape according to the distention of the bladder.
Term
glandular epithelium
Definition
epithelia formed by cells specialized to produce secretion.may synthesize, store and secrete proteins, lipids, or complexes of carbs and proteins
Term
secretory granules
Definition
small membrane bound vesicles in which molecules to be secreted in glandular epithelia cells.
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
glands that retain their connection witht the surface epithelium from which they originated. tubular ducts lined with epithelial cells in which glandular secretions pass to reach the surface.
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
glands whose connection to the surface is lost during development. ductless glands. secretions go to target site via transportation in the blood stream.
Term
simple glands
Definition
gland with one unbranched duct
Term
compound glands
Definition
glands that have repeated branching ducts
Term
merocrine
Definition
secretory granules leave the gland via exocytosis with no loss of cellular material
Term
holocrine
Definition
the product of secretion is shed with the whole cell
Term
apocrine
Definition
secretory product is discharged together with parts of of the apical cytoplasm
Term
chemical messengers
Definition
nerual and endocrine control of glands occurs through these
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