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epilepsy
tb 4 ihnat
15
Pharmacology
Graduate
02/10/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
carbamazepine
Definition

Use: drug of choice in tonic clonic and partial seizures

 

MOA: decrease sodium conduction

 

ADRs: diplopia, rash, ataxia, memory loss(long term use), agranulocytosis, aplasitc anemia, hepatitis 

Preg class D: documented fetal risk

 

Interactions: enzyme inducer, ^ metabolism of drugs

Term
clonazepam
Definition

class: benzo

 

use: backup for myoclonic and abscence seizure

 

MOA: potentiate GABA

 

ADRs:ataxia, drowsiness, dependence

 

interactions: alcohol, phenytoin

Term
ethosuximide
Definition

use: DOC in abscence seizures

 

MOA:calcium channels

 

ADR: GI distress, weight loss, lethargy

 

Rare but serious: blood dyscrasias

 

Preg class C: documented animal risk, no human study

Term
felbamate
Definition

Use: lennox gastaut syndrome (epilepsy in young uns)

 

MOA: glutamate antagonism

Term
gabapentin
Definition

use: backup in partial seizures

also good for chronic pain and bipolar

 

ADRs: ataxia, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue

overall less ADRs than others

 

preg class C

Term
lamotrigine
Definition

use: doc for partial and atypical abscence seizures

may improve depression, better tolerated than carbamazopine and phenytoin

 

MOA: sodium channels, glutamate antagonist

 

ADRs: diplopia, blurred vision, rhinitis, hypersensititviy(skin)

Term
levetiracetam
Definition

oral, low plasma protein binding, low P450 metabolism

 

use: backup in tonic-clonic and partial seizures

 

ADRs: dizziness, drowsiness, irritability

 

Preg C

Term
oxcarbazepine
Definition

active metabolite of carbamazapine

 

use: doc in partial seizures

 

ADR: decrease induction of P450 verses carbamazapine

Term

phenobarbital

 

Primidone(prodrug)

Definition

reserved for infancts(quick absorption)

 

ADR: cognitive effect with long term use

Term

phenytoin

 

dilantin(extended release)

 

 

Definition

highly plasma protein bound (caution w/ warfarin)

 

non-linear metabolism- double dose 30x blood conc

 

use: most effective for tonic clonic and partial seizures

 

MOA: alter multiple channels Na > Ca

 

ADR: gingival hyperplasia, drowsiness, nystagmus, lymphadenopathy

 

interaction: potent enzyme inducer

Term
pregabalin
Definition

class 5 controlled

 

use: peripheral neuropathy DOC

2nd line for partial seizure

 

MOA: GABA potentiation

 

ADRs: dizziness, somnolence, dry outh, blurred vision, edema, myoclonus    

Term
tiagabine
Definition

based on GABA structure

 

use: backup for partial seizures

 

ADRs: GI upset, dizziness, tremor, drowsiness

Term
topiramate
Definition

monosaccharide

 

use: backup in partial seizures

 

MOA: acts on GABA receptors

decreased sodium channels/neuron firing

 

ADRs: sedation, fatigue, drowsy, mental dulling

 

speech problems( dose related) out of order sentances

Term
Valproate
Definition

use-broadest spectrum used for all and bipolar

doc in abscence seizures

 

MOA: decrease sodium channels

increase GABA availablilty

 

ADRs: gi upset

hypersensitivity- thrombocyotopenia and hepatotoxicity

Term
zonisamide
Definition

sulfonaminde derivative

 

use: backup for abscence seizures

 

MOA: ALL 3 increase GABA

decrease Na and Ca

decrease glutamate

 

ADRs:cognitive impairment, hypersensitivity

 

contraindicated in pt with sulfoniamide allergies

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