Term
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Definition
| more cases of disease than expected over a practicular time period |
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Term
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Definition
| large number of cases spread over a wide geographical area |
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Term
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Definition
| aggregation of cases in given area, over aprticular period and not considering if the number of cases are more than expected |
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Term
| 5 reasons to conduct an outbreak investiagtion |
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Definition
1. stop current outbreak and prevent future outbreaks
2. reassure public
3. learn about new diseases or learn something new about an old disease
4. evalute current proevtion strategies
5. research |
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Term
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Definition
1. determine if an outbreak exists
2. prepare for the field and assemble a team
3. confirm the diagnosis
4. define a "case" and find cases
5. orient data: person, place and time
6. generate and test hypothese
7. implement and evaluate control measures |
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Term
| how do you prepare for field? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you confirm the diagnosis? |
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Definition
review clinical findings and lab reports
- results of lab test are consistent with clinical and epi findigns |
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Term
| 5 criterai for defing cases *****knowww**** |
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Definition
1. agent
2. clincal criteria (ie fever, chest x ray)
3. person (ie women over 50 or grad sutents )
4. place
5. time (onset of illness and time they were at event/exposure) |
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Term
| oreitning data consists of which questions? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe a point source expsoure epidemic curve |
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Definition
- rapid increase, peak, gradual decline
- caused by number of cases come to gether and be exposed to same thing. maybe environemtnal. |
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Term
| describe continous source exposure epidemic curve |
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Definition
-what ever adjent is its always there.
- theyre alwasy being expsored to it.
- ie water srouce contaiminationg thats never fixed |
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Term
| propagated spread epidemic curve |
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Definition
-primary people spread it to others, who spread it to others, who spread it to others.
-time period between cases desrceases.
-potentally sexually transmiteed. or srars. |
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Term
| distriubtion of cases by onset of symptoms intermittent outbreak. |
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Definition
intermitent. group of cases, and then nothing. and then back again.
-needs intermitent exposure. ie mine only gets rid of mecury once a week. so expsoure comes and goes. |
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Term
| what questions should be answered when generating a hypoth? |
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Definition
what is disease?
who is at risk of becoming ill?
what is the source?
what is the mode of transmission? |
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Term
| what are the two types of epidemiological studies used when conducting an outbreak investigation? |
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Definition
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Term
when is cohort study used in an outbreak investiagtio>?
how is it used? |
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Definition
when outbreak is in small, well-defined pop. ie banquet with guest list.
- compare the attack rate (which is actually risk) in the exposed group to the attack rate in unexposed group to measure the assoication between the expsoure and disease. so you're finding the realtive risk (RR - measure of association) |
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Term
| when and how is case control study used in outbreak investigation? |
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Definition
used when pop at risk isn't clearly defined.
- calcuate odds ratio (OR) as measure of assoication = comparing odds of disease in expsoused group to odds of disease in unexposed group |
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Term
| what are 3 other investiagions to consider (in conjuction with epi study) during outbreak invest.? |
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Definition
trace back or trace forward
envrio
social network |
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Term
| when is it proper to implement and evalute control measures? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are contorl measures directed against agent, source, mode of tranmission, protal of netry and host? |
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Definition
- agent: antibioitics
- source: decontamination/disinfection, closure of facility, receall proudcts
- mode of transmission: quarantined, hygiene/hand hygiene, spraying
- protal of entry: bed nets, mask/gloves, condoms
- host: vaccination |
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Term
| how do we monitor to see if controls are working during an outbreak investigation? 3 ways |
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Definition
number of new cases decreasing
testing
observation |
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