Term
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Definition
People who became ill/all people who ate that food
Example: Cole Slaw
Total of 50 people ate it, 9, became sick, 41 did not.
Attack rate for cole slaw is 9/50=.18x100=18% |
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Term
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Definition
| Attack rate in Exposed/ Attack rate in Unexposed |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibodies are injected for short-term protection (like in Rabies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulating the body's own antibody production for long-term protection (like in Tetanus) |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides protection when 70-90% of the population are vaccinated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interval from time of exposure to the onset of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals harbor the organism but aren't infected and are asymptomatic |
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Term
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Definition
| separate ill people who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy |
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Term
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Definition
| separate people who are not yet ill but who have been exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| person-to-person exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| people exposed to same source over a brief period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevention of the disease from ever occurring. Examples: immunization for flu, education. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies and treats asymptomatic persons who already have developed risk factors or the disease, but don't know they have it. Example: stool sample for prostate cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attempts made to restore to highest function and minimize disability in people that already have the disease. Example: dialysis for kidney failure |
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Term
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Definition
| number of cases/total persons in the population |
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Term
| What does prevalence measure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| number of cases at a specific point in time/total number of people in the population at that specific point in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| number of cases over a period of time/total number of people int he population at that specific point in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| number of new cases/total number of people at risk for disease |
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Term
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Definition
| number of new cases/sum of the different times each person was a risk |
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Term
| What does incidence measure? |
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Definition
| Risk of getting the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| total number of deaths/total population |
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Term
| Disease Specific Mortality Rate |
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Definition
| Total number of deaths from a specific disease during a period of time/total population |
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Term
| Cae reports and case series |
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Definition
Descriptive studies that:
-describe a patients illness and symptoms
-suggest new diseases and epidemics
-don't have a comparison group, can't test hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
Descriptive studies that:
-also known as prevalence studies
-look at both disease and exposure at the same time
-can calculate prevalence from
-good for chronic diseases
-cheap
-don't establish a temporal relationship |
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Term
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Definition
Descriptive studies that:
-group is the unit of analysis
-Example is phone and breast cancer use |
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Term
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Definition
-inexpensive
-Good for rare diseases
-Good for chronic diseases
-Can determine OR |
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Term
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Definition
-good for rare exposures
-multiple risk factors at same time
-multiple effects of a single exposure
-Determine incidence
-Determine causality |
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Term
| Randomized Clinical trials |
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Definition
-participants are chosen based on their exposure status, and exposure status is assigned by the researcher.
-gold standard of studies |
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Term
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Definition
-get it from Case control studies
OR<1: there is a negative association between exposure and disease.
OR>1: there is an association between exposure and disease
OR=1: No association |
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Term
| Three types of Randomization for RCT's |
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Definition
| simple, replacement, and stratified |
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Term
| The 4 types of RCT Trials are: |
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Definition
| Treatment, prevention, quality of life and screening trials |
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Term
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Definition
| Everyone is included in analysis, even non-compliant participants |
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Term
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Definition
| only compliant participants are included in the analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of a test to correctly identify those who have the disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of the test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A test on a population that does a worse test first, then takes all the positives from that test and does a better, more accurate test. It increases specificity and saves money |
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Term
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Definition
Doing two very accurate tests at the same time.
Good for sensitivity, but is expensive. Good for diseases that are hard to diagnose. |
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Term
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Definition
| If the test results are positive in this patient, what is the probability that this patient has the disease? What percent of patients who test positive actually have the disease? |
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Term
| Positive Predictive Value (PPV) |
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Definition
| The proportion of individuals screened positively by the test who actually have the disease. The higher the prevalence of the disease, the higher the predictive value. TP/Total Positives |
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Term
| Negative Predictive Value (NPV) |
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Definition
| The proportion of individuals screened who test negative and don't have the disease. TN/total negatives |
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Term
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Definition
| Admission Bias, Prevention Bias, Non-response/Non-participation Bias |
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Term
| Types of Information Bias |
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Definition
| Recall Bias, Interviewer Bias, Misclassification Bias |
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Term
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Definition
| After stratifying, you have different OR's from the original |
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Term
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Definition
| After stratifying, you have different OR's in the stratum |
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