Term
| model for public health is aimed at protecting______ |
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Definition
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Term
| model for medicine is aimed at protecting |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary consent is essential. experiments only should occur in clear scientific rationale. 1st international document for consent. |
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Term
| declaration of helinski was made by |
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Definition
| world medical association |
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Term
| declaration of helinski states that _____. and is based on______. and lead to_______. |
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Definition
| statement of ethical principles for medical research, based on Nuremberg code. milestone towards implementation of IRB process |
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Term
| the belmont report issued by |
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Definition
| national commission for protection of human subjects |
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Term
| what are the 3 points of the belmont report |
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Definition
1. respect for person: decision making up to subject (informed consent)
2. benficence: max benefits, reduced risks
3. justice: fairness in distribution of benefits and risk(fair selction of subjects) |
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Term
| main ethical issues in human subject research? |
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Definition
| safety, informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, how adverse effects are to be handled, avoid bias |
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Term
| elements of informed consent |
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Definition
| purpose, sponsor, investigators, methods/procedures, risks/benefits potential, avoid manipulation or coercion |
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Term
| duties of epidemiologists |
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Definition
| AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, WIDEN SCOPE OF EPI, PURSUE RESPONSIUBILITIES W/ DUE DILIGENCE, SUBMIT STUDIES FOR ETHICAL REVIEW, COMMUNICATE EHTICAL REQUIREMENTS TO COLLEAGUES, maintain public trust |
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Term
| if you are doing a survey, yes you need approval, or what is "exempt" status? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is "expedited" review |
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Definition
| minimal risk, common clinical procedure |
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Term
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Definition
| research is not complete until reported |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of principles guiding decision-making |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| health promotions, health protection/services |
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Term
| policy issues and risk: what are the objectives? |
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Definition
all should refelct societal values
1. what % of population should be protected?
2. what level of risk will society take/pay for?
3. who should make decisions about risk?? |
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Term
| policy makers need to know: |
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Definition
what specific actions can be taken?
before spending monday on an intervention: specfic cost savings, reduction in risk/prevalence |
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Term
| major role of epidemiology |
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Definition
| serve as a basis for developing policies that affect human health, including prevention sand control of disease |
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Term
| epidemiologic studies provide findings relevant to |
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Definition
| clinical practice, community health, population approaches to disease prevention and health promotion, directly applicable to alleviate problems of human health |
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Term
| how is epi the "basic science" of prevention? |
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Definition
| indentify pop at risk, analyze costs/benefits of reducing causal factor, assess strength of evidence, identify any generalizations |
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Term
| how much is needed to justify primary prevention? |
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Definition
| severity of condition, costs involved, strength of evidence, difficulty of reducing factor |
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Term
| how much is needed to justify secondary prevention? |
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Definition
| severity of disease, can we detect earlier by screening? is it invasive/$$/harmful?? |
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Term
| what is a macroenvironment exposure? an example? prevention? |
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Definition
| it is an exposure that affects population i.e. air pollution. easier to control through legislation/regulation |
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Term
| what is a microenvironemnt exposure? |
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Definition
| exposure affecting a specific individual. i.e. diet, smoking. greater challenge of modifying lifestyle |
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