Term
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Definition
| The study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence or determine disease distribution. |
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Term
| The premise of epidemiology |
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Definition
| The premise is that disease, illness, and wellness are not randomly distributed in human populations. Each person has characteristics that predispose or protect against diseases. |
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Term
| What are the functions of epidemiology? (6) |
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Definition
Identify the etiology
Identify relevant risk factors
Determine the burden of disease
Study the natural history of the disease
Evaluate new modes of health care delivery
Provide the foundation for developing public policy |
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Term
| What does work with noninfectious diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| Causal pies created by ___ in ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The complete pie, which might be considered a causal pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| A component that appears in every pie or pathway |
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Term
| Clinical disease is characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an infection with no active multiplication of the agent |
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Term
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Definition
| not yet clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent |
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Term
| What are the main routes of entry into the human body? |
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Definition
Respiratory tract
Alimentary tract
GI tract
Skin |
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Term
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Definition
| The time between exposure to the agent and the appearance of the first signs and symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Habitual presence of a disease in an area |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurrence in a population of a group of illnesses |
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Term
| What’s another term for “non-communicable disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inanimate object capable of holding and transmitting disease |
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Term
| examples of diseases that spread through droplets |
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Definition
| influenza, rhinovirus, anthrax, Legionnaires’ disease |
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Term
| diseases that spread through airborne |
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Definition
| Tuberculosis, chickenpox, and measles |
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Term
| diseases that spread through fecal-oral contamination |
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Definition
| giardiasis, hepatitis A and E, rotavirus, shigellosis, typhoid fever, cholera, enteroviruses (polio), clostridium |
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Term
| diseases that spread through zoonoses |
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Definition
| anthrax, dengue, Ebola, E. coli, giardia, H1N1 flu, pague, rabies, yellow fever |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| The severity or extent of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| exposed persons (or animals) before symptoms develop |
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Term
| First public health measure to be shown to be effective in breaking transmission of disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ill persons (or animals) after symptoms develop |
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Term
| The relative magnitude of the entities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Number of NEW cases of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Measures the extent of the disease in the population in a specified time |
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Definition
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Term
| Proportion of people with an existing condition in total population |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The proportion of people with a particular finding on postmortem exam |
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Term
| Sources of morbidity data |
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Definition
Hospitals and clinics
Disease/cancer registries
Surveillance systems
Surveys, such as NHIS, NHANES
Insurance data
Tax-financed medical plans
Industry
Military data |
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Term
| _____ is the foundation of all vital statistics |
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Definition
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Term
| The earliest work on vital statistics was done by |
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Definition
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Term
| Bills of Mortality are created by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Led to development of statistical methods to analyze mortality data |
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Term
| Causes of death are coded according to ___ |
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Definition
| the rules of the International Classification of Disease (ICD) |
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Term
| Underlying cause of the death is _____ |
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Definition
| the disease or injury that initiated the set of events leading to death |
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Term
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Definition
| Plays a major role in collecting, classifying, and tabulating mortality statistics for the U.S. and other countries |
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