Term
| Is rabies fatal? Is it preventable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is the agent for rabies? |
|
Definition
| rhabdoviruses (RNA virus) |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rabies transmitted? |
|
Definition
| exposure to a rabid animal; NO person to person transmission |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of rabies? |
|
Definition
-acute flu like illness with rapidly progressive CNS manifestations
-almost always fatal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IFA of brain tissue (only way to confirm in animals and it is lethal)
-virus isolation in saliva, CSF, or muchal biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for rabies? |
|
Definition
| no specific treatment once symptoms have developed |
|
|
Term
| Is there such thing as a rabies carrier? |
|
Definition
| No. the incubation period is just so long that people think animals can be carriers |
|
|
Term
| Why are cats more likely to get rabies than dogs? |
|
Definition
| bc people are less likely to vaccinate their cats |
|
|
Term
| How are you exposed to rabies? |
|
Definition
any BITE or SCRATCH of a potentially rabid animal
-saliva or CNS tissue or a potentially rabid animal eneters an open/fresh wound or comes in contact with a mucous membrane (eye, mouth, nose) |
|
|
Term
| What is the post exposure prophylaxis for rabies? |
|
Definition
-immediate washing of wounds
-HRIG (human rabies immune globulin) administered 20 IU/kg of body weight (if possible inject at exposure site)
-Vaccination administered on days 0,3,7,14 (previously vaccinated only get it on days 0 and 3) |
|
|
Term
| For whom is pre exposure immunization for rabies recommended? What is used? |
|
Definition
high risk groups (vets, animal handlers)
-Imovax or rabavert |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent for cytomegalovirus (CMV)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the transmission for CMV? |
|
Definition
-ubiquitous
-only human strain known to cause illness
-direct, vertical, and transfusion/transplantation
-pregnant women and immunocompromised patients at risk |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the incubation period for CMV? |
|
Definition
unknown
1-4 months after transfusion/transplantation
latent form |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of CMV? |
|
Definition
-asymptomatic or nonspecific symptoms of prolonged fever and mild hepatitis
-pneumonia, colitis, and retinitis in immunocompromised pts
-congenital infection results in vision or hearing loss or mental disability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-symptoms of infectious mononucleosis and/or shows signs of hepatitis
-negative result for epsetin barr virus
-negative result for hep A,B,C |
|
|
Term
| When must a test for congenital CMV infection must be run? |
|
Definition
within 2-3 weeks of birth detected in urine, saliva, blood or other tissue
(after this time period virus can be distinguished as congenital or an infection that occurred after birth) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for CMV? |
|
Definition
-none indicated in the healthy person
-Antiviral treatment is used for pts with depressed immunity (GANCICLOVIR) who have either sight related or life threatening illnesses due to CMV infection |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of babies born with congenital CMV never have symptoms or problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the agent for the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (infectious mononucleosis)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for EBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intimate contact with saliva; latent form |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of EBV? |
|
Definition
| fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated WBC count, monospot test |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for EBV? |
|
Definition
-supportive care
-5 day course of steroids |
|
|
Term
| In the US, as many as ____% of adults have been infected with EBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the agent in Erythema infectious (fifth disease)? |
|
Definition
| parvovirus B19 (DNA virus) |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for fifth disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is fifth disease transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -contact with infected persons, respiratory secretions (e.g. saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus); fomite, or large airborne droplets |
|
|
Term
| What is the who and when for fifth disease? |
|
Definition
-60% in children between 5 and 15 years of age
-more common during winter and spring months |
|
|
Term
| When is a person deemed no longer infectious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of fifth disease? |
|
Definition
| low grade fever, malaise, or a "cold" a few days before the rash breaks out; mild rash illness; most commonly in children with a "slapped cheek" rash on the face and a lacy red rash on the trunk and limbs, rash resolves in 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
| How is fifth disease diagnosed? What percentage of children and adults who get infected will not have any symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for fifth disease? |
|
Definition
| supportive care; may cause a serious illness in persons with sickle cell disease or similar types of chronic anemia |
|
|
Term
| What is a big concern with fifth disease? |
|
Definition
| exposure of pregnant women can cause miscarriage |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent for herpes simplex virus (HSV)? |
|
Definition
| herpesvirus (DNA virus) HSV1 and HSV2 |
|
|
Term
| what is the incubation period for HSV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the transmission for HSV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat are the symptoms for HSV? |
|
Definition
| blisters or ulcers on or around the genitals or rectum or in the mouth/lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-clinical symptoms
-serologic testing |
|
|
Term
| Who has a higher seroprevalance for HSV blacks or whites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat percentage of NHANES participants aged 20-49 had reported diagnosis of genital herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lifelong infeciton
may take 2-4 weeks for ulcers to heal
antiviral meds can shorten and prevent future outbreaks (Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir) |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent in HIV disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-sexual contact (homo-most common in US, hetero- most common around world)
-sharing needles
-mother to infant
-blood transfusion |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of HIV? |
|
Definition
-primary infection is a flu-like illness within a month or two after the virus enters the body, may last for weeks
-symptoms of primary HIV may be mild enough to go unnoticed, the viral load is particularly high at this time. As a result, HIV infection spreads more efficiently during primary infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of AIDS? |
|
Definition
-soaking night sweats
-shaking chills/fever above 100 for several weeks
-cough and shortens of breath
-chronic diarrhea
-oral lesions
-fatigue
-blurred/distorted vision
-weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 step test: EIA followed by western blot |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Even though the annual number of new HIV infections is relatively stable; where were increases seen? |
|
Definition
people aged 13-29
driven by increase in young MSM in this age range, especially black/African American MSM |
|
|
Term
| What is the agent for HPV? |
|
Definition
| papillomavirus (DNA virus) 40 types |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for HPV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of HPV? |
|
Definition
| certain types can cause genital warts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for HPV? |
|
Definition
| visible genital warts can be removed |
|
|
Term
| In what percentage of cases does the body's immune system clear HPV naturally within two years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two HPV vaccines that protect against most cervical cancers in women? which one is available for males? |
|
Definition
Cervarix and Gardasil
gardasil available for males |
|
|
Term
| For whom does the HPV vaccine offer the greatest health benefits? |
|
Definition
| people who receive all three doses before having any type of sexual activity |
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